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Theory">Photosynthesis Theory</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20556/photosynthetic-pigments-.html" title="Photosynthetic pigments ">Photosynthetic pigments </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15727/photosynthesis-experiments.html" title="Photosynthesis Experiments">Photosynthesis Experiments</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16980/genetics-activities-for-learning.html" title="Genetics Activities for Learning">Genetics Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17813/chromosomes-genes-alleles.html" title="Chromosomes genes & alleles">Chromosomes genes & alleles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17822/human-genome-project.html" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17827/base-substitution-mutation.html" title="Base substitution mutation">Base substitution mutation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17859/chromosomes.html" title="Chromosomes">Chromosomes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17816/karyograms-and-non-disjunction.html" title="Karyograms and non-disjunction">Karyograms and non-disjunction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17814/introduction-to-meiosis.html" title="Introduction to Meiosis">Introduction to Meiosis</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17817/theoretical-genetics-1.html" title="Theoretical Genetics 1">Theoretical Genetics 1</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23787/stargardt-disease.html" title="Stargardt disease">Stargardt disease</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17818/theoretical-genetics-2.html" title="Theoretical Genetics 2">Theoretical Genetics 2</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17819/sex-linked-genes.html" title="Sex Linked Genes">Sex Linked Genes</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17825/is-genetics-an-embarrassment-to-biology-education-.html" title="Is genetics an embarrassment to biology education? ">Is genetics an embarrassment to biology education? </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17809/hairy-hands-genetics-of-mid-digital-hair.html" title="Hairy Hands - genetics of mid-digital hair">Hairy Hands - genetics of mid-digital hair</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17810/pedigree-chart-phenotype-ratios.html" title="Pedigree Chart & Phenotype Ratios">Pedigree Chart & Phenotype Ratios</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17820/ia-maize-genetics-experiment.html" title="IA Maize Genetics Experiment">IA Maize Genetics Experiment</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17823/genetically-modified-organisms.html" title="Genetically Modified Organisms.">Genetically Modified Organisms.</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17824/introduction-to-cloning.html" title="Introduction to Cloning.">Introduction to Cloning.</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33736/cloning-ethics-quiz.html" title="Cloning ethics - quiz">Cloning ethics - quiz</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17811/therapeutic-cloning-debate-.html" title="Therapeutic Cloning Debate ">Therapeutic Cloning Debate </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16981/ecology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Ecology Activities for Learning">Ecology Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17905/ecological-terms.html" title="Ecological terms.">Ecological terms.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17906/food-webs.html" title="Food Webs">Food Webs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17927/mesocosm-lab.html" title="Mesocosm Lab">Mesocosm Lab</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23435/ecology-mini-investigation.html" title="Ecology mini investigation">Ecology mini investigation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33629/ecology-field-trip-at-home.html" title="Ecology field trip - at home">Ecology field trip - at home</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17907/energy-flow.html" title="Energy Flow.">Energy Flow.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17912/carbon-cycle-skills.html" title="Carbon Cycle Skills">Carbon Cycle Skills</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17908/enhanced-greenhouse-effect.html" title="Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.">Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17909/climate-change.html" title="Climate Change.">Climate Change.</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16985/evolution-activities-for-learning.html" title="Evolution: Activities for Learning">Evolution: Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15988/evolution-introduction.html" title="Evolution introduction">Evolution introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15990/variation-overproduction.html" title="Variation & overproduction">Variation & overproduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15989/evolution-examples.html" title="Evolution examples">Evolution examples</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19320/classification-binomial-names.html" title="Classification & binomial names">Classification & binomial names</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15991/classification-of-plants.html" title="Classification of Plants">Classification of Plants</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19306/plant-classification-quiz.html" title="Plant classification quiz">Plant classification quiz</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15993/classification-of-animals.html" title="Classification of Animals">Classification of Animals</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23751/classification-games.html" title="Classification games">Classification games</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18912/intro-to-cladistics.html" title="Intro to cladistics">Intro to cladistics</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18910/reclassification-of-figworts-using-cladistics.html" title="Reclassification of figworts using cladistics">Reclassification of figworts using cladistics</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18027/humans-activities-for-learning.html" title="Humans Activities for Learning">Humans Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18028/digestion-enzymes-intro-.html" title="Digestion & Enzymes Intro ">Digestion & Enzymes Intro </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18029/ia-lipase-experiment.html" title="IA Lipase Experiment">IA Lipase Experiment</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18033/structure-of-the-digestive-system.html" title="Structure of the digestive system.">Structure of the digestive system.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18030/intestine-structure-function.html" title="Intestine Structure & Function.">Intestine Structure & Function.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18031/blood-and-blood-vessels.html" title="Blood and Blood Vessels">Blood and Blood Vessels</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18032/heart-dissection-diagram.html" title="Heart Dissection & Diagram">Heart Dissection & Diagram</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18026/controlling-heartbeat.html" title="Controlling Heartbeat">Controlling Heartbeat</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18590/blood-clotting-and-heart-disease.html" title="Blood clotting and heart disease.">Blood clotting and heart disease.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18117/antigens-and-antibodies-.html" title="Antigens and antibodies ">Antigens and antibodies </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18180/hiv-and-aids.html" title="HIV and AIDS">HIV and AIDS</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18116/immune-system-.html" title="Immune System ">Immune System </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18115/alveoli-gas-exchange.html" title="Alveoli & gas exchange">Alveoli & gas exchange</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19330/ventilation-lung-disease.html" title="Ventilation & lung disease">Ventilation & lung disease</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18421/nerve-impulses.html" title="Nerve impulses.">Nerve impulses.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18461/synapses.html" title="Synapses">Synapses</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31311/chemicals-which-affect-synapses.html" title="Chemicals which affect synapses">Chemicals which affect synapses</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19886/hormones-introduction.html" title="Hormones introduction">Hormones introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19894/homeostasis-of-glucose.html" title="Homeostasis of Glucose.">Homeostasis of Glucose.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19907/harvey-and-the-search-for-ova.html" title="Harvey and the search for ova">Harvey and the search for ova</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19908/hormones-and-the-menstrual-cycle.html" title="Hormones and the menstrual cycle">Hormones and the menstrual cycle</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19927/hormones-in-ivf.html" title="Hormones in IVF">Hormones in IVF</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17178/additional-hl.html" title="Additional HL">Additional HL</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17917/hl-nucleic-acids-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Nucleic Acids Activities for Learning">HL Nucleic Acids Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17918/dna-structure-extras-for-hl.html" title="DNA structure - Extras for HL">DNA structure - Extras for HL</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16141/dna-replication-for-hl-students.html" title="DNA Replication for HL Students">DNA Replication for HL Students</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17920/transcription-extras-for-hl.html" title="Transcription - extras for HL">Transcription - extras for HL</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37259/extension-concept-hydrolysis-of-atp.html" title="Extension concept - Hydrolysis of ATP">Extension concept - Hydrolysis of ATP</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18048/translation-ribosomes.html" title="Translation & ribosomes">Translation & ribosomes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17921/four-levels-of-protein-structure.html" title="Four levels of protein structure">Four levels of protein structure</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18211/hl-metabolism-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Metabolism Activities for Learning">HL Metabolism Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19840/activation-energy-and-enzyme-pathways.html" title="Activation energy and enzyme pathways">Activation energy and enzyme pathways</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19850/emergency-room-activity-enzyme-inhibition.html" title="Emergency room activity - enzyme inhibition">Emergency room activity - enzyme inhibition</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19865/toxicology-training-course.html" title="Toxicology training course">Toxicology training course</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17923/end-product-inhibition-of-enzymes.html" title="End product inhibition of Enzymes.">End product inhibition of Enzymes.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17922/hl-respiration-introduction.html" title="HL Respiration introduction">HL Respiration introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16207/glycolysis-and-the-krebs-cycle.html" title="Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle">Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18214/electron-transport-chain.html" title="Electron transport chain">Electron transport chain</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16209/chloroplasts-and-photosynthesis.html" title="Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis">Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16210/light-dependent-reactions.html" title="Light Dependent Reactions">Light Dependent Reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16211/light-independent-reactions.html" title="Light Independent Reactions">Light Independent Reactions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17720/hl-plant-biology-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Plant Biology - Activities for Learning">HL Plant Biology - Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17726/leaf-stomata-transpiration.html" title="Leaf stomata & transpiration">Leaf stomata & transpiration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17721/vascular-tissues-introduction.html" title="Vascular tissues - introduction">Vascular tissues - introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17723/transport-in-xylem.html" title="Transport in xylem">Transport in xylem</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17727/experiments-on-transpiration.html" title="Experiments on Transpiration.">Experiments on Transpiration.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17724/transpiration-and-xerophytes-.html" title="Transpiration and Xerophytes ">Transpiration and Xerophytes </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17763/phloem-and-translocation.html" title="Phloem and translocation">Phloem and translocation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17722/meristems-and-growth.html" title="Meristems and Growth.">Meristems and Growth.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17804/hormonal-control-in-plants.html" title="Hormonal control in plants">Hormonal control in plants</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17725/reproduction-in-angiosperms.html" title="Reproduction in angiosperms.">Reproduction in angiosperms.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17808/seeds-flowering-phytochromes.html" title="Seeds, flowering & phytochromes">Seeds, flowering & phytochromes</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17888/hl-genetics-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Genetics Activities for Learning">HL Genetics Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17889/meiosis.html" title="Meiosis.">Meiosis.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17890/di-hybrid-crosses.html" title="Di-Hybrid Crosses.">Di-Hybrid Crosses.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17892/polygenic-inheritance.html" title="Polygenic Inheritance.">Polygenic Inheritance.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17891/gene-linkage-1.html" title="Gene Linkage 1">Gene Linkage 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17894/gene-linkage-2.html" title="Gene Linkage 2">Gene Linkage 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17901/gene-pools.html" title="Gene pools">Gene pools</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19670/polyploidy.html" title="Polyploidy">Polyploidy</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19559/hl-animal-physiology-activities-for-learning.html" title="HL Animal Physiology Activities for Learning">HL Animal Physiology Activities for Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19560/antibody-production.html" title="Antibody production">Antibody production</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19566/monoclonal-antibodies.html" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19565/vaccination.html" title="Vaccination">Vaccination</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19561/muscles-joints.html" title="Muscles & joints">Muscles & joints</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19564/muscle-structure-function.html" title="Muscle structure & function.">Muscle structure & function.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19681/osmoregulation.html" title="Osmoregulation">Osmoregulation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19562/kidney-and-nephrons.html" title="Kidney and nephrons.">Kidney and nephrons.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18813/gamete-formation.html" title="Gamete formation">Gamete formation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16365/fertilization-blastocyst.html" title="Fertilization & blastocyst">Fertilization & blastocyst</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20080/pregnancy-and-birth.html" title="Pregnancy and birth">Pregnancy and birth</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17193/options-.html" title="Options ">Options </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21490/option-a-neurobiology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology - Activities for learning">Option A - Neurobiology - Activities for learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21399/nervous-system-formation.html" title="Nervous system formation">Nervous system formation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21401/synapses-and-nervous-system-plasticity.html" title="Synapses and nervous system plasticity">Synapses and nervous system plasticity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21519/brain-structure-and-function.html" title="Brain structure and function">Brain structure and function</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21520/the-cerebral-cortex.html" title="The Cerebral cortex">The Cerebral cortex</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21525/sensory-receptors-and-smell.html" title="Sensory receptors and smell">Sensory receptors and smell</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21526/the-eye-and-photoreceptors.html" title="The eye and photoreceptors">The eye and photoreceptors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33371/reflexes.html" title="Reflexes">Reflexes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33372/conditioning-and-imprinting.html" title="Conditioning and imprinting">Conditioning and imprinting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25280/option-b-biotechnology-and-bioinformatics.html" title="Option B - Biotechnology and bioinformatics">Option B - Biotechnology and bioinformatics</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32571/batch-fermentation-and-continuous-culture.html" title="Batch fermentation and continuous culture">Batch fermentation and continuous culture</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25411/cryptic-messages-bioinformatics-introduction.html" title="Cryptic messages - bioinformatics introduction">Cryptic messages - bioinformatics introduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25364/orf-activity.html" title="ORF activity">ORF activity</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22063/option-c-ecology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Option C - Ecology Activities for learning">Option C - Ecology Activities for learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22081/describing-communities.html" title="Describing communities">Describing communities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22083/limits-and-zones-lab.html" title="Limits and zones lab">Limits and zones lab</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22084/symbiosis-v-competitive-exclusion.html" title="Symbiosis v Competitive exclusion">Symbiosis v Competitive exclusion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22085/modelling-energy-flow.html" title="Modelling energy flow">Modelling energy flow</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22086/predicting-ecosystems.html" title="Predicting ecosystems">Predicting ecosystems</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22089/modelling-nutrients.html" title="Modelling nutrients">Modelling nutrients</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22088/disturbance-vs-diversity.html" title="Disturbance vs Diversity">Disturbance vs Diversity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22807/invasive-species.html" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22810/biomagnification.html" title="Biomagnification">Biomagnification</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22958/plastic-debris.html" title="Plastic debris">Plastic debris</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23153/indicator-species-biotic-index.html" title="Indicator species & biotic index">Indicator species & biotic index</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23154/conservation-methods.html" title="Conservation methods">Conservation methods</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22059/biodiversity-estimations.html" title="Biodiversity estimations">Biodiversity estimations</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22060/lincoln-index-activities.html" title="Lincoln Index activities">Lincoln Index activities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27387/population-growth-curves.html" title="Population growth curves">Population growth curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27433/fisheries-and-populations.html" title="Fisheries and populations">Fisheries and populations</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18998/nitrogen-cycle-applications.html" title="Nitrogen cycle - applications">Nitrogen cycle - applications</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28235/phosphorus-cycle.html" title="Phosphorus cycle">Phosphorus cycle</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20088/option-d-human-physiology-activities-for-learning.html" title="Option D - Human physiology Activities for learning">Option D - Human physiology Activities for learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20215/is-it-so-bad-to-eat-only-pizza.html" title="Is it so bad to eat only pizza?">Is it so bad to eat only pizza?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20220/appetite-and-malnutrition.html" title="Appetite and malnutrition">Appetite and malnutrition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20284/exocrine-glands.html" title="Exocrine glands">Exocrine glands</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20300/control-of-digestive-secretions.html" title="Control of digestive secretions">Control of digestive secretions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20259/a-miracle-cure-for-ulcers.html" title="A miracle cure for ulcers">A miracle cure for ulcers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20664/liver-structure-function.html" title="Liver structure & function.">Liver structure & function.</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20665/jaundice-liver-function.html" title="Jaundice & liver function">Jaundice & liver function</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20692/cardiac-muscle-myogenic-control.html" title="Cardiac muscle & myogenic control">Cardiac muscle & myogenic control</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20707/cardiology-role-play.html" title="Cardiology Role play">Cardiology Role play</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24113/epidemiology-framingham-heart-study.html" title="Epidemiology - Framingham heart study">Epidemiology - Framingham heart study</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20706/pituitary-gland-and-hormones.html" title="Pituitary gland and hormones">Pituitary gland and hormones</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20732/oxygen-dissociation-curves.html" title="Oxygen dissociation curves">Oxygen dissociation curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20708/carbon-dioxide-and-bohr-shift.html" title="Carbon dioxide and Bohr shift">Carbon dioxide and Bohr shift</a></li></ul></ul><li class="ancestor parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../17622/the-investigation.html" title="The Investigation">The Investigation</a></li><ul class="level-1 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21187/individual-investigation-skills-introduction.html" title="Individual investigation - skills introduction">Individual investigation - skills introduction</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17179/practical-scheme-of-work.html" title="Practical Scheme of Work">Practical Scheme of Work</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16860/lab-protocols-for-the-biology-ib-guide.html" title="Lab protocols for the Biology IB guide">Lab protocols for the Biology IB guide</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17623/planning-for-skills-progression.html" title="Planning for skills progression">Planning for skills progression</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17624/personal-engagement.html" title="Personal Engagement">Personal Engagement</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19063/personal-engagement-personality-quiz.html" title="Personal Engagement - personality quiz">Personal Engagement - personality quiz</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34461/three-ways-to-choose-a-topic-for-the-ia.html" title="Three ways to choose a topic for the IA">Three ways to choose a topic for the IA</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17625/exploration.html" title="Exploration">Exploration</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23429/focusing-a-research-question.html" title="Focusing a research question">Focusing a research question</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17626/analysis.html" title="Analysis">Analysis</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26255/ia-analysis-anova-or-t-test.html" title="IA Analysis - ANOVA or t-test?">IA Analysis - ANOVA or t-test?</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17627/evaluation.html" title="Evaluation">Evaluation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17628/communication.html" title="Communication">Communication</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38973/ia-ideas-during-a-pandemic-2020-21.html" title="IA ideas during a pandemic 2020-21">IA ideas during a pandemic 2020-21</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30218/ia-avoiding-common-errors.html" title="IA - Avoiding common errors">IA - Avoiding common errors</a></li><li class="current" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="ia-experiments-that-could-be-done-at-home.html" title="IA Experiments that could be done at home">IA Experiments that could be done at home</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34574/ia-experiment-ideas-inspired-by-youtube.html" title="IA experiment ideas inspired by Youtube">IA experiment ideas inspired by Youtube</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15992/6-ecological-ideas-for-your-ia.html" title="6 Ecological ideas for your IA">6 Ecological ideas for your IA</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20852/30-investigation-ideas-for-biology-ia.html" title="30 investigation ideas for Biology IA">30 investigation ideas for Biology IA</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39689/investigating-strawberries-with-a-glucose-test-meter.html" title="Investigating strawberries with a glucose test meter">Investigating strawberries with a glucose test meter</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23240/16-new-experiment-ideas-for-biology-ia.html" title="16 new experiment ideas for Biology IA">16 new experiment ideas for Biology IA</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26171/12-investigation-ideas-with-a-biological-twist.html" title="12 Investigation ideas with a biological twist.">12 Investigation ideas with a biological twist.</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26186/body-temperature-data.html" title="Body temperature data">Body temperature data</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19329/ia-investigation-marking-sheet.html" title="IA Investigation - marking sheet">IA Investigation - marking sheet</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21859/marking-rigour-ia-assessment-criteria.html" title="Marking rigour & IA assessment criteria.">Marking rigour & IA assessment criteria.</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18404/quizzes-tests-revision.html" title="Quizzes tests & revision">Quizzes tests & revision</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17665/the-exams.html" title="The Exams">The Exams</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19051/describing-trends-in-ib-graphs.html" title="Describing trends in IB graphs">Describing trends in IB graphs</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20791/paper-3-section-a-questions.html" title="Paper 3 Section A - questions">Paper 3 Section A - questions</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26073/graphical-analysis-skills-for-life.html" title="Graphical analysis - skills for life!">Graphical analysis - skills for life!</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18403/a3-topic-revision-sheets.html" title="A3 topic revision sheets">A3 topic revision sheets</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18405/topic-1-cells-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 1 - Cells revision activities">Topic 1 - Cells revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22372/topic-1-cells-sl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 1 - Cells SL revision list">Topic 1 - Cells SL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19003/topic-2-molecular-biology-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 2 - Molecular biology revision activities">Topic 2 - Molecular biology revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22373/topic-2-bio-molecules-sl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 2 - Bio molecules SL revision list">Topic 2 - Bio molecules SL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18999/topic-3-genetics-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision activities">Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22378/topic-3-genetics-sl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision list">Topic 3 - Genetics SL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19480/topic-4-ecology-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 4 - Ecology SL revision activities">Topic 4 - Ecology SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22395/topic-4-ecology-revision-list.html" title="Topic 4 - Ecology revision list">Topic 4 - Ecology revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19006/topic-5-evolution-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 5 - Evolution SL revision activities">Topic 5 - Evolution SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22474/topic-5-evolution-revision-list.html" title="Topic 5 - Evolution revision list">Topic 5 - Evolution revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20121/topic-6-human-physiology-sl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 6 - human physiology SL revision activities">Topic 6 - human physiology SL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22396/topic-6-human-physiology-revision-list.html" title="Topic 6 - Human physiology revision list">Topic 6 - Human physiology revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20196/topic-7-nucleic-acids-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision activities">Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20139/topic-7-nucleic-acids-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision list">Topic 7 - Nucleic acids HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20787/topic-8-metabolism-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision activities">Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20198/topic-8-metabolism-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision list">Topic 8 - Metabolism HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20122/topic-9-plant-biology-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 9 - Plant biology HL revision activities">Topic 9 - Plant biology HL revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20773/topic-9-plants-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 9 - Plants HL - revision list">Topic 9 - Plants HL - revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20849/topic-10-genetics-hl-revision-activities.html" title="Topic 10 - Genetics HL Revision activities">Topic 10 - Genetics HL Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20128/topic-10-genetics-hl-revision-list.html" title="Topic 10 - Genetics HL revision list">Topic 10 - Genetics HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Topic 11 - Physiology HL Revision activities">Topic 11 - Physiology HL Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20115/topic-11-animal-physiology-revision-list.html" title="Topic 11 - Animal physiology revision list">Topic 11 - Animal physiology revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23821/option-a-neurobiology-revision-activities.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology - Revision activities">Option A - Neurobiology - Revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23822/option-a-neurobiology-sl-revision-list.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology SL Revision list">Option A - Neurobiology SL Revision list</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23831/option-a-neurobiology-hl-revision-list.html" title="Option A - Neurobiology HL Revision list">Option A - Neurobiology HL Revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19001/option-c-ecology-revision-activities.html" title="Option C - Ecology revision activities">Option C - Ecology revision activities</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27865/option-c-ecology-sl-revision-list-.html" title="Option C - Ecology SL revision list ">Option C - Ecology SL revision list </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27863/option-c-ecology-hl-revision-list.html" title="Option C - Ecology HL revision list">Option C - Ecology HL revision list</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa 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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="ia-experiments-that-could-be-done-at-home" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">IA Experiments that could be done at home</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">The Investigation</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">IA Experiments that could be done at home</span></li></ul>
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<p><img alt="" src="../../../ib/biology/images/flickr_cc_commercial_ok/05ecology/mesocoms_wikip.jpg" style="width: 140px; height: 95px; float: left;">Many teachers have adapted rapidly since January 2020 to find ways to help IB Biology students to continue learning while they stay at home. This poses particular problems with the IA because access to the lab and the usual equipment might be very limited. There is one element of the IA which confinement cannot prevent which is its independent nature. It may be easier for students to concentrate on an investigation without all the problems of moving classrooms and putting away equipment. This page attempts to gather ideas for investigations which could be carried out by a student at home as an IA supervised by their teacher using online communication tools, and possibly supported by the load of some simple lab equipment.</p><hr class="hidden"><div class="OutlineContainer OutlineContainerDisplayWrapper SCXO152139031 BCX2"><div class="Outline SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: -14px; margin-right: -5px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 5px;"><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"><span class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"></span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">To develop any one of these ideas into an IA students will have to research the topic, decide on their own focused research question and then plan their own method. This ideas might help to get everyone started.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(17, 34, 51, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(39, 73, 105);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(39, 73, 105);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Experiments in the Kitchen</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span></span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body"><div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Testing spoilage of milk in different conditions.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Lactobacilli reproduction and growth is part of the cause of milk spoilage. There are other species of bacteria and fungi also involved. What effect do conditions, such as temperature, sunlight have on the rate of spoilage. This is a nice wet laboratory project and there are some simple ways to measure the growth of the bacteria but these can be fiddly to work out, and concentrations of bacteria used in inoculations will need working out.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p><h4 class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Testing differences between different preservation processes in milk or other foods.</strong></span></h4><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">This is similar to the first idea, about milk spoilage, but this looks at the production processes rather than the storage. Milk can be pasteurised or steralised in several different ways. The study could be adapted for other foods, some are chemically treated after harvest, so washing them will remove the preservative, others are sealed in plastic bags of 'modified atmosphere', which could be left closed or opened, Some are harvested at just the right time so the sugar content or their natural acidity helps to preserve them. With a little research there are a range of potential treatments which could form a topic of study.</span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><h4 xml:lang="FR-FR">Measuring changes to the concentration of vitamin C in foods as they are cooked or stored.</h4><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR">It is possible to measure the concentration of vitamin C in food using simple chemicals (cornflour and iodine) and equipment you might have in the house ( Eye dropper or pipette / syringe, balance). There is a very clear explanation of this in the<a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Vitamin-C-Indicator" target="_blank"> Wiki How website</a>. Many types of food contain vitamin C and it is thought to be affected by light and certainly by the heat of cooking. It is an important part of the human diet as humans, unlike many other mammals, cannot synthesise this vitamin. Simple questions could be explored, for example the effect of canning on vitamin C concentration, or the different effects of alternative cooking methods, or storage options, e.g. in the fridge, freezer, dried or preserved in pickle or jam.</p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Examining the glucose concentration in something</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">using potassium permanganate and heating, from a protocol from Science & plants for schools. This is an interesting quantitative method to estimate glucose concentration. It could be used in a wide range of labs. </span></span><a class="Hyperlink SCXO152139031 BCX2" href="http://www.saps.org.uk/saps-associates/browse-q-and-a" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Lots of plant ideas in the questions and answers </span></span></a><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">It is also possible to use this method to study glu</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">cose levels in ripening fruit, lactase activity in milk producing glucose or maltase activity in germinating seeds.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">What</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">happens</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">after</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">sell</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">-by date on </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">yoghurt</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">other</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">dairy</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">foods</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">?</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"> </span></span><br class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">A simple question in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">appearance</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> but </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">quite</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">complex</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">problem</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">. The first aspect to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">decide</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">would</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> for </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">which</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">reason</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> are the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">products</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">past</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">their</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> best. It </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">could</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">growth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">spoilage</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">bacteria</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, release of enzymes </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">naturally</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> part of a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">ripening</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> process, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">chemical</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> changes </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">from</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">another</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> cause. Of course a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">specific</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">research</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> question </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">would</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">needed</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, but </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">this</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">would</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">probably</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> arise out the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">choice</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">food</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> and the background </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">research</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">quite</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">naturally</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of temperature/light/plastic bag on the ripening of fruit, e.g. bananas, cherries, tomatoes.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The challenge is really how to control the temperature of the fruit (or the lig</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">ht) for a long period of time, perhaps 2 weeks. Another difficulty will be to devise a way to measure the extent of fruit ripening, or softness. Bananas lend themselves to this because their skin changes colour. Of course the underlying processes are controlled by enzymes, or the fruit ripening hormone ether.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation of the properties of photosynthetic pigments using different types of olive oil, simple solvent mixes and chromatography with rf values.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Extracting pigments from leaves using solvents used in painting at home might be possible with the correct supervision. Turpentine (a nonpolar solvent) and propanone (a polar solvent) may work in different proportions. Some suggestions of research questions may be; Is there a difference in the composition of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of a plant found in the sun or the shade? Which pigments are made first in a growing leaf, or are all the pigments made at the same time? How does the shade of a leaf relate to the composition of photosynthetic pigments it contains?</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> Are there more of the non-polar pigments in cold pressed olive oil or are there more polar pigments?</span></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation of SA:vol on the rate of diffusion</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is a standard lab and the challenge will be to ensure that it is put into an interesting biological context. Starting with a process which requires diffusion in living cells will help the topic to be interesting and will show some personal engagement. The analysis of the results and the design of the method is another place where PE can be demonstrated, try to take the standard lab and adapt it so show something which is not 'standard'. </span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigating the effect of sucrose concentration of the rate of respiration in yeast.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is interesting because the higher concentrations will cause outward osmosis in the yeast and perhaps slow down respiration, or even kill the yeast. Lower concentrations will slow respiration because of a lack of substrate. The challenge will be in deciding which concentrations to test and in explaining the results. It's possible to measure the rate of yeast respiration by watching bread rise, watching gas collect in a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">balloon</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> or a sealable plastic bag.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><h4 class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"><strong>Investigating a property of water, one which affects living things.</strong></h4><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB">It could be very interesting to research how the properties of water might behave in different biological systems. For example the capillary effect is thought to help mosses to absorb water from the environment, remember they don't have any vascular tissue. Pond skaters are insects which manage to walk on water using surface tension. Surface tension allows diving beetles to take a bubble of air with them deep into the water when they swim. The presence of detergents is well known to cause algal blooms because of the change in phosphate levels, but could the presence of detergent affect insects, walking on water or breathing? Perhaps the presence of dissolved salts or the pH of water will affect hydrogen bonding, and change its properties.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgb(245, 248, 250);"><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">text</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span></span></p><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 34, 51, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(7, 103, 124);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(7, 103, 124);"><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a></span></p><div><h3><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Experiments about the human body</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></span></h3></div></div><div class="panel-body"><div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p aria-level="3" class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" role="heading" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(31, 55, 99); text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">effect</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of body position on </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">heart</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> rate and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">blood</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> pressure.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"> </span></span><br class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">baroreceptor</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> reflex </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">helps</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">maintain</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">blood</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> pressure at </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">nearly</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> constant </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">levels</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">. The </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">'baro-reflex'</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> uses </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">negative</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> feedback, an </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">increase</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">blood</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> pressure causes the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">heart</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> rate to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">decrease</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">also</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> causes </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">blood</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> pressure to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">decrease</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Could</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> the position of the body affect </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">blood</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> pressure and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">thus</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">heart</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> rate? This </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">might</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">make</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> an </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">interesting</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> investigation. Of course </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">controlling</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">other</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">factors</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">which</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> are </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">well</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">known</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> to affect </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">heart</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> rate </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">will</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> one of the challenges of an investigation </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">into</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">this</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> topic.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p aria-level="3" class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" role="heading" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(31, 55, 99); text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Testing</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">effectiveness</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">shampoo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, anti-</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">tangle</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">product</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> or </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">conditioner</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> on a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">property</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hair</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"> </span></span><br class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">There are </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">many</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> claims made </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">from</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">producers</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hair</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">products</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">which</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">could</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">tested</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in an IA. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Does</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">conditioner</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">really</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">make</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">your</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hair</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">stronger</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">does</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">tangle</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">easing</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">product</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">really</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">prevent</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">knots</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, or </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">reduce</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> friction </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">between</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hairs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">? </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">While</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">it</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">is</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> not </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">permitted</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> to use body </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">fluids</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">IAs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">testing</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">your</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">own</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hair</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">would</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> acceptable. To </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">meet</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> the animal </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">experimentation</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> guidelines the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hair</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">would</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> have to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">collected</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">ethically</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">without</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">causing</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> pain! </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Research</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">into</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> the structure of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hair</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> and use of a microscope to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">study</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> changes in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hairs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">might</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">also</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">useful</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> part of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">this</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">experiment</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation of Age and reaction speed</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is an investigation to test a hypothesis that reaction time </span><span class="SpellingError SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">wll</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> slow down with age. By testing people of different ages to see if there is a difference in their reaction time it may seem like a simple study, but there are a lot of factors which need to be controlled and it will be difficult to find enough participants to create a large enough data set. There are also many factors to consider in the type of reaction speed test that is used and there are also problems associated with the learning of the skill during the experiment.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Testing the accuracy of colour vision using online colour tests</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX2 SCXO152139031" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">There are some quite nice online tests of colour vision, and also many telephone apps. This investigation is Design an experiment to investigate a factor which affects the precision of colour vision, age, tiredness, gender, eye colour, etc. </span></span><a class="Hyperlink SCXO152139031 BCX2" href="http://www.xrite.com/online-color-test-challenge" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">http://www.xrite.com/online-color-test-challenge.</span></span></a><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> The challenge will be including Biological theory to explain why your dependent variable is changed by the independent variable.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">What is the difference in the CO</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun Subscript SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-fontsize="12" style="vertical-align: sub; background-color: inherit;">2</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> levels in exhaled air before and after exercise?</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This investigation might sound simple at a first glance but there are many difficulties to overcome in terms of controlled variables and the method of measuring the CO</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun Subscript SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-fontsize="11" style="vertical-align: sub; background-color: inherit;">2</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">. This might involve the use of a data logger, or perhaps a titration using bromothymol blue. The release of CO</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun Subscript SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-fontsize="11" style="vertical-align: sub; background-color: inherit;">2</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> by the body in the lungs is not simple either, factors to consider include the relative amounts of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, as well as the position of the muscles being exercised. Perhaps the muscles with a greater blood flow will cause a different effect to those in the bodies extremities, and what effect could warming up have on the process?</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of a short burst of exercise on blood pressure or two groups of people.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is a simple experiment to carry out, but a difficult experiment to get good controlled data for. There needs to be some clear links to the biology of blood pressure and how exercise affects it. A clear RQ is essential and there are quite a few possibilities. Controlling factors which can affect blood pressure could be an investigation in itself! Of course the IB guidelines on experimentation needs to be followed and written consent sought for participants.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of a warm up on the maximum heart rate (or maximum speed) achieved in a standard test</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The role of a warm up in sport is clear. Athletes perform better if they warm up properly before an event. Is there an optimum intensity of warm up to achieve best performance? Can the max performance be measured best using max heart rate or maximum speed? These are just some of the questions which will need answering.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of isotonic drinks on rehydration and recovery after exercise</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The problem of this investigation is that it is difficult to measure rehydration or salinity. At the end of a long endurance event cramps and muscle fatigue will be evident but this is not possible to recreate in the lab in school. Perhaps some form of experiment using isotonic solutions on slightly dehydrated muscle tissue from a chicken leg, or liver would work. This would be a challenge and it would require some research before beginning. Avoid any investigation where you are getting friends to drink Gatorade and measuring some unrelated but easy to measure factor, like pulse rate.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation into the effect of regular exercise on the increase in pulse rate after a short period of exercise.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is a bit more complex than a simple pulse rate investigation, but the challenge to control variables is equally great. If a person exercises regularly they should have a better level of fitness, this might mean that their heart rate increases by less in the short burst of exercise than someone who does no regular exercise.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Examining a factor which affects vital capacity, or tidal capacity of the lungs.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The greatest challenge in this investigation is getting a large enough data set which takes into consideration enough of the factors which need to be controlled. Comparing a factors about the body with tidal capacity and look for a correlation. One nice idea might be to see if the growth in the lungs' vital capacity correlates better with the circumference of the skull or the length of the legs in children of different ages. Biological explanations could look at the way we grow, and if the brain changes size at the same rate as the lungs. It may even be possible to find a database of measurements of children of different ages. There are some ethical questions involved too, and parental consent will be essential for any experiments on children.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of exam conditions on a physiological feature of the body.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">In this investigation a change in a physiological feature is explored. There are plenty of factors to control </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">which makes this investigation difficult</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> and if there isn't enough data or the controls are not in place this could lead to a low mark after much work. The choice of physiological features of the body could include heart rate, or pupil size, or skin redness. Measuring theses factors might be tricky and will involve some testing, although using a phone camera or a video camera could help. It is possible to establish a theoretical link between mild stress and adrenaline (epinephrine) which will affect features in the body including pupil size but it is not possible to directly measure the level of any hormones in the body. Remember any participants will need to give written consent before any experimenting, and the mild stress of exam conditions must be harmless.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgb(245, 249, 250);"><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">text</span></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 34, 51, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(7, 103, 124);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(7, 103, 124);"><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a></span></p><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Experiments using online databases </span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body"><div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Examining the relationship between cases of a disease and weather patterns.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This investigation tries to establish a pattern between the weather and the spread of a disease. Using nationally published data on epidemiology and weather data is certainly possible and it could happen that there are correlations between climate and some disease outbreaks this will need explaining in terms of the mechanisms of transmission of the specific disease. Some diseases spread through direct contact, others are transmitted by an insect vector.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Using published epidemiological data to examine a link between an illness and a specific factor.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Here the challenge is the exploration section. You have to show that the data has been carefully selected, and that measures have been taken to ensure that other factors which might affect the data have been controlled, by careful selection of the data used. Some assessment of the reliability of the sources will be needed and some discussion of ethics of using someone's data, with their consent, hopefully. The best investigations will have a biological reason why there might be a correlation between the IV and the DV. The data must be analysed by the student and tables / graphs etc. should include all the normal conventions of d.p. and uncertainties.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Data </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">analysis</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of body </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">temperature</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">different</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> groups of people.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"> </span></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">If </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">you</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> can </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">find</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a good data base </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">which</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">provides</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">enough</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> data </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">so</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">that</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">you</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> can </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">choose</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a part of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">it</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> (and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">thus</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> control </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">some</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> variables) </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">it</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">could</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">make</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a good IA. A </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hybrid</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> IA </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">could</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> compare </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">experimental</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> data </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">with</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a data set </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">published</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">biological</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">literature</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Here</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">is</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">nice</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">example</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of a set of data, </span></span><a class="Hyperlink SCXO152139031 BCX2" href="https://euc-onenote.officeapps.live.com/o/biology/page/26186/body-temperature-data" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Body temperature data </span></span></a><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">there</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> are </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">many</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> more suggestions of data sets </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">here</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">: </span></span><a class="Hyperlink SCXO152139031 BCX2" href="http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1997/LenaWong.shtml" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Temperature of a Healthy Human. </span></span></a><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">An </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">interesting</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> option </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">might</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">be</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> to test </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">whether</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">temperatures</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of a group of people in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">your</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">school</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">community</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">measured</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in an </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">experiment</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> are the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">same</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> as data </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">selected</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">from</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> one of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">these</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> data sets. Notice </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">that</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">there</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> are </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">interesting</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">differences</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> in 'oral' and '</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">tympanic</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">' </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">measurements</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> as </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">well</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> as </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">young</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">old</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> people, males and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">females</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">who</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">knows</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> more. There are </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">plenty</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> of options to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">investigate</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">; BMI and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">temperature</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">mealtimes</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, time of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">day</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">, etc.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><h4 class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Evaluation of habitat diversity or population change using data from fish markets </strong></span></h4><p align="left" style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; background: transparent">If there is data available from a local fishing port or the fish market it is likely that the presence and absence of each species at different times can be analysed. Most countries record catch size and monitor fish landings. The OECD has a <a href="http://The OECD has a huge database of global fish landings" target="_blank">huge database of global fish landings</a>, this <a href="https://www.maine.gov/dmr/commercial-fishing/landings/historical-data.html" target="_blank">State of Maine - historical fisheries landing data</a> shows one example of locally available data, the <a href="https://foss.nmfs.noaa.gov/apexfoss/f?p=215:200::::::" target="_blank">NOAA Fisheries database</a> has an enormous amount of data as does the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Fishery_statistics" target="_blank">EU fishery statistics database.</a></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The research question could look at the effect of a policy change on habitat diversity, the long term changes in diversity in fish catches, or the evolution of an individual population. It is important to consider all the factors biological and economic which might result in changes in a population. Controlling these factors will be one of the challenges and by explaining why some data had been omitted from the study, and why other data had been retained students will be able to show consideration of controlled variables. The data may lend itself to analysis using a diversity index, useful for comparing several places or different moments in time.</p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgb(245, 249, 250);"><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">text</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 51, 34, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(30, 124, 106);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(30, 124, 106);"><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a></span></p><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Experiments in the garden / countryside </span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body"><div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effects of antibiotics on the germination of seeds or the growth of plants - </span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This looks like an interesting topic of study. Many methods are possible, and there has been some very recent research suggesting that antibiotics can affect the growth of seeds and plants.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">ref P.W. Brian and also Louis G. Nickell and Alexander C. Finlay in the Journal of agricultural and Food chemistry, 2015</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation of the behaviour of two groups of animals, or several groups of animals in a range of conditions.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This investigation is going to require a very precise research question and some careful methodology to ensure that the data collected can be used to answer the RQ. However it could be really interesting to compare simple behaviour in animals. Does the behaviour of an animal change as the population increases? Do individuals of different types all behave in the same way </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">in response </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">to a stimulus.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Do plants grow faster in soil which has more microbial activity (respiration)</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This investigation could be a nice way to combine two standard procedures, one to estimate the rate of respiration in the soil and another to estimate the rate of growth of a plant. Soil respiration can be measured using a CO</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun Subscript SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-fontsize="11" style="vertical-align: sub; background-color: inherit;">2</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> probe and a data logger the same equipment could be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis, although growth (or photosynthesis) can be measured in other ways too. There are lots of practical problems to overcome, most importantly how to change the soil so that it has different amounts of respiration. One idea would be to make a series of soils using active compost and sand. it might even be possible to use mesocosms to perform this investigation as these would make it easier to control more of the other variables.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">pet on the diversity or growth rate of plants in a garden lawn.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is a nice idea for an investigation into the number of species found in a garden in houses where there are pets and no pets. Ecological techniques and quadrat sampling could be used together with mapping of digging or scratching to establish whether the presence of a pet increases plant diversity or not. There are many possible variations, perhaps the presence of animal excrement could be the causal factor, otherwise some species may be more resistant to scratching and disturbance, caged animals can selectively graze on parts of a lawn, just to mention a few ideas.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Flowering stages of a plant at different altitudes</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The climate is different at different altitudes and the growing season begins later at high altitude. This investigation relies on the recording of abiotic data and also data about the stage of the flowering cycle. A method could use the number of flowers / fruit / buds etc in a single species at different altitudes up a mountain. Of course there will be other factors to consider, for example local features of the habitat, soil type, depth, wetness, where the plants are growing and the aspect of the flowers' location, not to mention grazing and grass cutting.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/biology/images/image-galleries/snails_square.jpg" style="width: 130px; height: 120px; float: left;">The effect of river pollution on the presence of a single species</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">It is quite easy to record the number of individual plants / animals of a single species in a river at different distances above and below a possible source of pollution. If a relevant abiotic factor in the water can also be recorded indicating the pollution level, eg pH, nitrate level, BOD, turbidity etc. then this could be a very good study.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">How does a specific abiotic factor affect biodiversity in a habitat?</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is nice project if there is a specific environmental gradient in the site being investigated. The use of a transect of transects will be useful for the sampling. The challenge is to explain why there might be a change using biology and then to test it using some type of ecological sampling. Ensuring that there is enough data will also be important as there are likely to be quite a few other factors which will need controlling or considering at least.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of different colours of light on the growth of seedlings</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is an interesting study and it links to the role of auxin as well as photosynthesis so there is theory to discuss. Practical procedures and controls will be the challenge, but data should be easy to record if the seedlings grow. Some preparation time will be required to germinate and plant the seeds.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of salt on the germination of seeds.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is an interesting topic of investigation which relates to osmosis and ecology. Some plants grow well in coastal soils with igh salt concentrations but others don't. The practical methods to germinate seeds and select appropriate salt concentrations will present definite challenges but this is an interesting study for students living near the coast, or in places where salt is applied to the roads in winter.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Examining the effect of plants on nitrates/nitrites/ammonia in the runoff from soils</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">While there is a considerable challenge in designing apparatus and growing plants the idea of using plants to filter the water in 'ecological' swimming pools or an "eco-aquarium" is quite well established. There may be a combination of roles for plant roots and bacteria in the substrate and both of these link to the nitrogen cycle and so would allow for a detailed hypothesis and a focused research question. The type of substrate may also make a difference.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">The effect of soil pH on the germination of seeds</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is a simple idea, but the explanation is more complex, and this might be the challenge of this particular investigation. Would soil pH effect the enzymes in the seed responsible for germination, is there another explanation? Controlling other factors which affect germination and collecting a large enough data set will also be good challenges for a Biology student to work out.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation of the functioning of the eyes when using paper or different electronic screens</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">First is to ensure that there is some biology to explain any hypothesis, and that the RQ is firmly focused in the Biology. Then is is going to be a challenge to design a method of data collection which controls all the possible variables. Some independent variables will be easier to test than others, for example size of text and distance wt which it can be read, would be better than measuring reading speed which can be affected by many other variables.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Examining the effect of household cleaning products on the growth of house plants</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This could be a difficult investigation to do quantitatively unless there was a longer time period available to observe growth. There could be some biology theory applied to the plants leaves, or roots. Processes such as diffusion and osmosis as well as the effect of chemicals on components of cell membranes, or on enzymes could be included in the theory. Some of the challenges of this type of investigation will be controlling other factors which affect the growth of plants. One option might be to test the chemicals on small aquatic plants, or germinating seedlings, but there are challenges to overcome here too.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="FR-FR" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Investigation of the effects of natural selection related to colour markings of a single species of animal or plant</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">This is a great idea, but it could be complex and time consuming depending on the lab. There are some online simulations but these can only be used in conjunction with some other analysis; never just present the online lab as an investigation on it's own. Other possibilities are paper simulations, e.g. with peppered moth types. Practical work could look at the density of aphids on leaves of different shades, or bumble bee feeding on flowers of different shapes or predator prey interactions etc. Lots of scope but not an easy investigation to complete in the time, in 12 pages.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></span></p></div><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgb(245, 250, 249);"><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">text</span></p></div></div></div><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; text-align: left;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p aria-level="3" class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" role="heading" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(31, 55, 99); text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="margin-left: 0px; direction: ltr;"><p aria-level="3" class="Paragraph SCXO152139031 BCX2" lang="FR-FR" role="heading" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(31, 55, 99); text-align: left;" xml:lang="FR-FR"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Are the limits of manufacturer's instructions reliable? </span><span class="SpellingError SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">E;g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">. the IKEA </span><span class="SpellingError SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Växer</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> hydroponic growing system.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"> </span></span><br class="SCXO152139031 BCX2"><span class="TextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-GB" style="color: rgb(31, 55, 99); font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">Testing the manufacturer's instructions for a growing system could make an interesting IA. Why does it advise specific types of LED lights? What is the ideal daily light duration? Does changing the chemicals dissolved in the water for the </span><span class="SpellingError SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">hydroponic</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> system affect plant growth. The challenge of this investigation would be to find a biological reason for a changed variable to have the effect predicted. Obvious one might be light intensity affecting photosynthesis, temperature </span><span class="SpellingError SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;">affecting</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="background-color: inherit;"> transpiration or enzymes, or location, fertilizer, type of water used.</span></span></span><span class="EOP SCXO152139031 BCX2" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif;"> </span></p></div></div></div><script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
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