The diagram shows results of experiments into flowering in a species of plant.

What can be used to promote off-season flowering in long-day plants?

A.  Interrupt the day with a period of darkness.

B.  Close blinds at the end of the night to delay the start of the light period.

C.  Turn on the lights during the night for a brief period.

D.  Extend the cycle of light and dark to more than 24 hours.

C

Excessive irrigation can cause increased salinity in the soil. What effect does this have on water transport in the plant roots?

A. Decreases movement of water from soil into the root
B. Absorption of water with a higher solute concentration
C. Increases movement of water from soil into the root
D. Absorption of water with a lower solute concentration

A

In the micrograph of a plant stem, which letter indicates the xylem?

[Source: adapted from Kelvinsong/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en]

C

In a plant, what tissue(s) is/are specially adapted to transport sucrose?

D

The image shows seedlings that have been exposed to unidirectional light.

[Source: The Micro Gardener (https://themicrogardener.com/prevent-fix-leggy-seedlings/)]

Which statement explains the growth towards the light source?

A. Light causes auxin to inhibit cell division in the shoot meristem.

B. Light causes auxin to promote cell division in the shoot meristem.

C. Auxin is concentrated in the side of the shoot with light and inhibits cell elongation.

D. Auxin is concentrated in the side of the shoot without light and promotes cell elongation.

D

Which process is most responsible for movement of water from roots to leaves of a plant on a hot sunny day?

A. Active translocation of mineral ions in roots

B. Active transport of organic compounds into sieve tubes

C. Raised hydrostatic pressure gradients

D. Evaporation of water from mesophyll cell walls

D

Which flower structures are indicated by the letters Y and Z?

D

The picture shows lentils sprouts growing towards a light source from the left.

[Source: Russell Neches, Lentil sprouts reaching for the sun [image online] Available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/rneches/2081938105/ This file is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/.]

How has this response been brought about?

A. A higher concentration of auxins on the light side caused faster photosynthesis.

B. A higher concentration of auxins on the shaded side caused faster meiosis.

C. A higher concentration of auxins on the shaded side caused faster cell elongation.

D. A higher concentration of chloroplasts on the light side allowed for more photosynthesis.

C

Which graph represents the effect of humidity on the transpiration rate in plants?

A

How does auxin contribute to phototropism?

A. It increases production of light-sensitive proteins.

B. It increases growth of cells on the shaded side of the stem.

C. It inhibits growth of axillary buds.

D. It inhibits stem elongation.

B

The diagrams represent cross sections of the stem and root of a plant.

Which tissues transport water in the stem and the root?

C