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">What is it? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44397/what-types-of-questions-will-be-asked.html" title="What types of questions will be asked?">What types of questions will be asked?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44398/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44399/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example? ">Can I read an example? </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44400/paper-2-sample-response-1-never-let-me-go-and-extremely-loud-and.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 1 (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close)">Paper 2: Sample Response 1 (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44401/paper-2-sample-response-2-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) ">Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44402/paper-2-sample-response-3-a-dolls-house-and-the-crucible-.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) ">Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44403/do-you-have-a-step-by-step-process-for-what-to-do-in-the-actual-.html" title="Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam? ">Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44404/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-paper-2-exam-.html" title="How do I prepare for my Paper 2 exam? ">How do I prepare for my Paper 2 exam? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44405/how-do-i-organize-my-paper-2-.html" title="How do I organize my Paper 2? 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">What is it? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40158/what-is-a-line-of-inquiry.html" title="What is a line of inquiry?">What is a line of inquiry?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40160/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40162/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example? ">Can I read an example? </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40152/model-example-1-szymborska-poetry-.html" title="Model example 1 (Szymborska Poetry) ">Model example 1 (Szymborska Poetry) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40154/model-example-2-george-monbiot.html" title="Model example 2 (George Monbiot)">Model example 2 (George Monbiot)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40153/model-example-3-white-noise-.html" title="Model example 3 (White Noise) ">Model example 3 (White Noise) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40240/can-you-help-me-with-the-entire-process.html" title="Can you help me with the entire process?">Can you help me with the entire process?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40242/do-you-have-a-checklist-to-help-me-out.html" title="Do you have a checklist to help me out?">Do you have a checklist to help me out?</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46964/learner-portfolio-.html" title="Learner Portfolio ">Learner Portfolio </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46965/more-about-the-learner-portfolio.html" title="More about the Learner Portfolio">More about the Learner Portfolio</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28558/the-course-.html" title="The course ">The course </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i 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Portfolio">Formatting the Learner Portfolio</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28560/principles-of-course-design.html" title="Principles of course design">Principles of course design</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29983/bodies-of-work.html" title="Bodies of work">Bodies of work</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37316/bodies-of-work-a-curated-list.html" title="Bodies of Work - A Curated List">Bodies of Work - A Curated List</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28566/areas-of-exploration-.html" title="Areas of exploration ">Areas of exploration </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 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title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28567/concepts-.html" title="Concepts ">Concepts </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28571/identity.html" title="Identity">Identity</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29029/teaching-resources.html" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28572/culture.html" title="Culture">Culture</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28573/creativity.html" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28574/communication.html" title="Communication">Communication</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31252/metoo-gender-and-power-.html" title="#MeToo - Gender and Power ">#MeToo - Gender and Power </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31255/fake-news-.html" title="Fake News ">Fake News </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28575/perspective.html" title="Perspective">Perspective</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31253/metoo-gender-and-power-.html" title="#MeToo - Gender and Power ">#MeToo - Gender and Power </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31734/exploring-the-natural-world-an-opinion-columnists-body-of-work-.html" title="Exploring the Natural World – An Opinion Columnist’s Body of Work ">Exploring the Natural World – An Opinion Columnist’s Body of Work </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28576/transformation.html" title="Transformation">Transformation</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander 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style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30239/tips-.html" title="Tips ">Tips </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30222/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30240/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30243/8-writing-tips-.html" title="8 writing tips ">8 writing tips </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="P1 sample work">P1 sample work</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523953.html" title="May 2022 Paper 1s">May 2022 Paper 1s</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523976.html" title="November 2021 Paper 1s">November 2021 Paper 1s</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Pre-2021 Paper 1s">Pre-2021 Paper 1s</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37572/paper-1-sample-response-8-mens-health-iii.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 8 (Men's Health iii)">Paper 1: Sample Response 8 (Men's Health iii)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37338/paper-1-sample-response-9-justin-gatlin.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 9 (Justin Gatlin)">Paper 1: Sample Response 9 (Justin Gatlin)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i 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56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523983.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees)">Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30237/paper-1-practice-texts-to-go-.html" title="Paper 1: Practice Texts to Go ">Paper 1: Practice Texts to Go </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28592/paper-2.html" title="Paper 2">Paper 2</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30255/tips-.html" title="Tips ">Tips </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30270/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30256/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31697/revising-literary-works-for-paper-2.html" title="Revising Literary Works for Paper 2">Revising Literary Works for Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30792/connecting-comparing-and-contrasting-in-paper-2.html" title="Connecting, Comparing and Contrasting in Paper 2">Connecting, Comparing and Contrasting in Paper 2</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46727/resources-for-students.html" title="Resources for Students">Resources for Students</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46723/preparing-for-paper-2.html" title="Preparing for Paper 2">Preparing for Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46724/organizing-and-structuring-paper-2.html" title="Organizing and Structuring Paper 2">Organizing and Structuring Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46722/step-by-step-paper-2-process.html" title="Step-by-Step Paper 2 Process">Step-by-Step Paper 2 Process</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28602/p2-sample-work.html" title="P2 sample work">P2 sample work</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28593/higher-level-essay.html" title="Higher level essay">Higher level essay</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30557/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30273/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30272/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28606/hle-sample-work.html" title="HLE sample work">HLE sample work</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28594/individual-oral.html" title="Individual oral">Individual oral</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36433/resources.html" title="Resources">Resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34550/introducing-the-individual-oral-to-students-a-powerpoint.html" title="Introducing the Individual Oral to Students (a PowerPoint)">Introducing the Individual Oral to Students (a PowerPoint)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36435/stages-of-support.html" title="Stages of Support">Stages of Support</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32623/possible-outlines.html" title="Possible Outlines">Possible Outlines</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36434/how-to-prepare-for-your-individual-oral.html" title="How to Prepare for Your Individual Oral">How to Prepare for Your Individual Oral</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30559/global-issues.html" title="Global issues">Global issues</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30558/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30271/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28610/io-sample-work.html" title="IO sample work">IO sample work</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="2021 Individual Orals">2021 Individual Orals</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40184/2021-individual-oral-exemplar-1-brave-new-world-and-sara-rahbar.html" title="2021 Individual Oral: Exemplar 1 (Brave New World and Sara Rahbar)">2021 Individual Oral: Exemplar 1 (Brave New World and Sara Rahbar)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Pre-2021 Individual Orals">Pre-2021 Individual Orals</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36777/individual-oral-exemplar-4-macbeth-and-ww1-propaganda-poster.html" title="Individual Oral: Exemplar 4 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)">Individual Oral: Exemplar 4 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)</a></li></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28556/resources-.html" title="Resources ">Resources </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30276/glossary-of-key-terms-for-language-and-literature.html" title="Glossary of Key Terms for Language and Literature">Glossary of Key Terms for Language and Literature</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30277/-accent.html" title="- Accent">- Accent</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30278/-actual-reader.html" title="- Actual reader">- Actual reader</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30279/-actual-writer-.html" title="- Actual writer ">- Actual writer </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30353/-adjective-.html" title="- Adjective ">- Adjective </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30448/-adverb.html" title="- Adverb">- Adverb</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30449/-alliteration.html" title="- Alliteration">- Alliteration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30451/-allusion.html" title="- Allusion">- Allusion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30452/-analogy.html" title="- Analogy">- Analogy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30454/-anti-advertising-.html" title="- Anti-advertising ">- Anti-advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30455/-antithesis-.html" title="- Antithesis ">- Antithesis </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30457/-appeal-to-authority-.html" title="- Appeal to authority ">- Appeal to authority </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30459/-appeal-to-fear.html" title="- Appeal to fear">- Appeal to fear</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30460/-audience.html" title="- Audience">- Audience</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30462/-bandwagon-effect.html" title="- Bandwagon effect">- Bandwagon effect</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30463/-bias-.html" title="- Bias ">- Bias </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30464/-cacophony-.html" title="- Cacophony ">- Cacophony </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30466/-caesura-.html" title="- Caesura ">- Caesura </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30467/-characterisation-.html" title="- Characterisation ">- Characterisation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30469/-clause-.html" title="- Clause ">- Clause </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30470/-cliche-cliche-.html" title="- Cliché (cliche) ">- Cliché (cliche) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30471/-coherence.html" title="- Coherence">- Coherence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30472/-colloquialism.html" title="- Colloquialism">- Colloquialism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30473/-complex-sentence-.html" title="- Complex sentence ">- Complex sentence </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30475/-conflict-in-advertising-.html" title="- Conflict in advertising ">- Conflict in advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30483/-conjunctions-.html" title="- Conjunctions ">- Conjunctions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30484/-connotation-.html" title="- Connotation ">- Connotation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30476/-context-of-production-.html" title="- Context of production ">- Context of production </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30477/-context-of-reception-.html" title="- Context of reception ">- Context of reception </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30478/-core-vocabulary-.html" title="- Core vocabulary ">- Core vocabulary </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30479/-couplet-.html" title="- Couplet ">- Couplet </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30485/-crowdsourcing-.html" title="- Crowdsourcing ">- Crowdsourcing </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30481/-deictic-.html" title="- Deictic ">- Deictic </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30486/-denotation-.html" title="- Denotation ">- Denotation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30487/-denouement-.html" title="- Denouement ">- Denouement </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30488/-dialect-.html" title="- Dialect ">- Dialect </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30489/-diatribe-.html" title="- Diatribe ">- Diatribe </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30490/-direct-narration-.html" title="- Direct narration ">- Direct narration </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30492/-direct-speech-.html" title="- Direct speech ">- Direct speech </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30493/-dramatic-irony.html" title="- Dramatic Irony">- Dramatic Irony</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30515/-ellipsis.html" title="- Ellipsis">- Ellipsis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30516/-end-stopped-line-.html" title="- End-stopped line ">- End-stopped line </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30517/-enjambement-.html" title="- Enjambement ">- Enjambement </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30518/-eponymous-.html" title="- Eponymous ">- Eponymous </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30519/-equivocation-.html" title="- Equivocation ">- Equivocation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30520/-ethos-.html" title="- Ethos ">- Ethos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30521/-euphemism.html" title="- Euphemism">- Euphemism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30522/-first-person-point-of-view-.html" title="- First-person point-of-view ">- First-person point-of-view </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30523/-formalism.html" title="- Formalism">- Formalism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30524/-free-indirect-speech-.html" title="- Free indirect speech ">- Free indirect speech </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30527/-free-verse-.html" title="- Free verse ">- Free verse </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30525/-function-.html" title="- Function ">- Function </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30528/-gatekeeper-.html" title="- Gatekeeper ">- Gatekeeper </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30530/-generalizations-.html" title="- Generalizations ">- Generalizations </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30531/-genre-.html" title="- Genre ">- Genre </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30532/-graphology-.html" title="- Graphology ">- Graphology </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30533/-haiku-.html" title="- Haiku ">- Haiku </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30534/-hyperbole-.html" title="- Hyperbole ">- Hyperbole </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30535/-idiolect-.html" title="- Idiolect ">- Idiolect </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30536/-imagery-.html" title="- Imagery ">- Imagery </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30537/-indirect-narration-.html" title="- Indirect narration ">- Indirect narration </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30538/-intertextuality-.html" title="- Intertextuality ">- Intertextuality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30539/-irony-.html" title="- Irony ">- Irony </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30540/-jargon-.html" title="- Jargon ">- Jargon </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30541/-juxtaposition-.html" title="- Juxtaposition ">- Juxtaposition </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30542/-language-.html" title="- Language ">- Language </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30543/-logos-.html" title="- Logos ">- Logos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30544/-long-tail-marketing-.html" title="- Long tail marketing ">- Long tail marketing </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30545/-mash-up-.html" title="- Mash up ">- Mash up </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30546/-metaphor-.html" title="- Metaphor ">- Metaphor </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30548/-metonymy-.html" title="- Metonymy ">- Metonymy </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30549/-modality-.html" title="- Modality ">- Modality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30550/-multivocal-.html" title="- Multivocal ">- Multivocal </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30551/-newsworthiness-.html" title="- Newsworthiness ">- Newsworthiness </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30552/-nominalisation-.html" title="- Nominalisation ">- Nominalisation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30553/-notifications-.html" title="- Notifications ">- Notifications </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30554/-noun-phrase-.html" title="- Noun Phrase ">- Noun Phrase </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30555/-onomatopoeia.html" title="- Onomatopoeia">- Onomatopoeia</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30560/-paralanguage-.html" title="- Paralanguage ">- Paralanguage </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30561/-pathos-.html" title="- Pathos ">- Pathos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30562/-pay-per-click-.html" title="- Pay-per-click ">- Pay-per-click </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30563/-personalization-.html" title="- Personalization ">- Personalization </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30564/-personification-.html" title="- Personification ">- Personification </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30565/-phonlogical-.html" title="- Phonlogical ">- Phonlogical </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30566/-phrase.html" title="- Phrase">- Phrase</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30567/-problem-solution-technique-.html" title="- Problem / solution technique ">- Problem / solution technique </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30574/-pun.html" title="- Pun">- Pun</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30579/-reported-speech.html" title="- Reported speech">- Reported speech</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30583/-sensationalism-.html" title="- Sensationalism ">- Sensationalism </a></li><li class="" 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style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16109/wt-sl-hinglish.html" title="WT SL (Hinglish)">WT SL (Hinglish)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22572/wt-sl-nineteen-eighty-four.html" title="WT SL (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">WT SL (Nineteen Eighty-Four)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15508/wt-sl-s1-the-bell-jar.html" title="WT SL S1 (The Bell Jar)">WT SL S1 (The Bell Jar)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9443/wt1-hl-s1-mandela.html" title="WT1 HL S1 (Mandela)">WT1 HL S1 (Mandela)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8699/wt1-hl-s2-collector.html" title="WT1 HL S2 (Collector)">WT1 HL S2 (Collector)</a></li><li class="" 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style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11979/wt2-q3-starkey.html" title="WT2 Q3 (Starkey)">WT2 Q3 (Starkey)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19663/wt2-q3-womens-health.html" title="WT2 Q3 (Women's Health)">WT2 Q3 (Women's Health)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../14009/wt2-q4-clockwork.html" title="WT2 Q4 (Clockwork)">WT2 Q4 (Clockwork)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../13783/wt2-q4-persepolis.html" title="WT2 Q4 (Persepolis)">WT2 Q4 (Persepolis)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11636/wt2-q5-aclu.html" title="WT2 Q5 (ACLU)">WT2 Q5 (ACLU)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right 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style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2537/individual-oral-commentary.html" title="Individual oral commentary">Individual oral commentary</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2891/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19075/using-technology-to-support-student-learning.html" title="Using Technology to Support Student Learning">Using Technology to Support Student Learning</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10033/criteria.html" title="Criteria">Criteria</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11211/skills.html" title="Skills">Skills</a></li><ul 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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="zones-of-proximity-an-activity-for-discussing-tone" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Zones of Proximity: An Activity for Discussing Tone</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../englishalanglit.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">The old course </span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Part 4 (2020 exams)</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Key concepts</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Zones of Proximity: An Activity for Discussing Tone</span></li></ul>
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<p>
<img alt="" class="right" height="219" src="../../../ib/englishalanglit/images/tone.jpg" width="230">In conducting IOCs with students, you may ask them in follow-up questions to discuss the <em>tone</em> of their extract, particularly if they have not tackled this in their own initial presentation. Students at times find this difficult, and often this difficulty emerges from the challenge of using words precisely to define and describe the tone of the text.</p>
<p>
In <em>Voice Lessons </em>(<a href="http://www.thinkib.net/englishalanglit/page/15982/teaching-textual-analysis-with-textbooks">reviewed on this site</a>), Nancy Dean describes tone in the following way: <em>Tone is the expression of attitude. It is the writer’s (or narrator’s) implied attitude toward his subject and audience. The writer creates tone by selection (diction) and arrangement (syntax) of words, and by purposeful use of details and images. The reader perceives tone by examining these elements. Tone sets the relationship between reader and writer. As the emotion growing out of the material and connecting the material to the reader, tone is the hallmark of the writer’s personality.</em></p>
<p>
<em>Understanding tone is requisite to understanding meaning. Such understanding is the key to perceiving the author’s mood and making the connection between the author’s thought and its expression. Identifying and analyzing tone requires careful reading, sensitivity to diction and syntax, and understanding of detail selection and imagery. Students can, with practice, learn to identify tone in writing. Tone is as varied as human experience; and as with human experience, familiarity and thought pave the way to understanding.</em></p>
<p>
One may argue with aspects of Dean’s definition, but probably not to any significant degree; the definition works. However, Dean seems to assume in <em>Voice Lessons</em> that students are somehow already equipped with an array of vocabulary that enables them to express tone <em>in words.</em> This may not in fact be the case. Students need to become familiar with a vocabulary that allows them to accurately describe tone. Whilst students can be provided with a list of ‘tone words’, this decontextualized approach doesn’t in itself teach students to learn and use an appropriate vocabulary.</p>
<p>
This lesson concludes with a list of ‘tone words’, but it begins with a more dynamic approach, engaging students to think about tone, working actively with texts, and in cooperation with their peers, in a game we will call ‘Zones of Proximity’.</p>
<p>
This kind of lesson, repeated and reinforced over time, will contribute to students performing better in IOCs, but also in most other aspects of their Language and Literature assessment.</p>
<h2>
Procedure</h2>
<p>
Students work in small groups. Each group requires a passage. Some sample passages – both poetry and prose – are provided below. Teachers may, for their own purposes, use alternative passages.</p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<h4>
Poetry</h4>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%201a.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Defying Gravity by Roger McGough</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 1</p>
<p>
<strong>Defying Gravity</strong></p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Gravity is one of the oldest tricks in the book.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Let go of the book and it abseils to the ground</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
As if, at the centre of the earth, spins a giant yo-yo</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
To which everything is attached by an invisible string.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Tear out a page of the book and make an aeroplane.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Launch it. For an instant it seems that you have fashioned</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
A shape that can outwit air, that has slipped the knot.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
But no. The earth turns, the winch tightens, it is wound in.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
One of my oldest friends is, at the time of writing,</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Attempting to defy gravity, and will surely succeed.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Eighteen months ago he was playing rugby,</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Now, seven stones lighter, his wife carries him ak-</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Kwardly from room to room. Arranges him gently</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Upon the sofa for the visitors. ‘How are things?’</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Asks one, not wanting to know. Pause. ‘Not too bad.’</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
(Open brackets. Condition inoperable. Close brackets.)</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Soon now, the man that I love (not the armful of bones)</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Will defy gravity. Freeing himself from the tackle</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
He will sidestep the opposition and streak down the wing</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Towards a dimension as yet unimagined.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Back where the strings are attached there will be a service</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
And homage paid to the giant yo-yo. A box of left-overs</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Will be lowered into a space on loan from the clay.</p>
<p style="margin-left:-14.2pt;">
Then, weighed down, the living will walk wearily away.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%202a.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Lonely Hearts by Wendy Cope</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 2</p>
<p>
<strong>Lonely Hearts</strong></p>
<p>
Can someone make my simple wish come true?</p>
<p>
Male biker seeks female for touring fun.</p>
<p>
Do you live in North London? Is it you?</p>
<p>
Gay vegetarian whose friends are few,</p>
<p>
I’m into music, Shakespeare and the sun.</p>
<p>
Can someone make my simple wish come true?</p>
<p>
Executive in search of something new –</p>
<p>
Perhaps bisexual woman, arty, young.</p>
<p>
Do you live in North London? Is it you?</p>
<p>
Successful, straight and solvent? I am too –</p>
<p>
Attractive Jewish lady with a son.</p>
<p>
Can someone make my simple wish come true?</p>
<p>
I’m Libran, inexperienced and blue –</p>
<p>
Need slim non-smoker, under twenty-one.</p>
<p>
Do you live in North London? Is it you?</p>
<p>
Please write (with photo) to Box 152</p>
<p>
Who knows where it may lead once we’ve begun?</p>
<p>
Can someone make my simple wish come true?</p>
<p>
Do you live in North London? Is it you?<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%203a.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Listen Mr Oxford Don by John Agard</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 3</p>
<p>
<strong>Listen Mr Oxford Don</strong></p>
<p>
Me not no Oxford don</p>
<p>
me a simple immigrant</p>
<p>
from Clapham Common</p>
<p>
I didn’t graduate</p>
<p>
I immigrate</p>
<p>
But listen Mr Oxford don</p>
<p>
I’m a man on de run</p>
<p>
and a man on de run</p>
<p>
is a dangerous one</p>
<p>
I ent have no gun</p>
<p>
I ent have no knife</p>
<p>
but mugging de Queen’s English</p>
<p>
is the story of my life</p>
<p>
I don’t need no axe</p>
<p>
to split/ up yu syntax</p>
<p>
I don’t need no hammer</p>
<p>
to mash/ up yu grammar</p>
<p>
I warning yu Mr Oxford don</p>
<p>
I’m a wanted man</p>
<p>
and a wanted man</p>
<p>
is a dangerous one</p>
<p>
Dem accuse me of assault</p>
<p>
on de Oxford dictionary/</p>
<p>
imagine a concise peaceful man like me/</p>
<p>
dem want me serve time</p>
<p>
for inciting rhyme to riot</p>
<p>
but I tekking it quiet</p>
<p>
down here in Clapham Common</p>
<p>
I’m not a violent man Mr Oxford don</p>
<p>
I only armed wit mih human breath</p>
<p>
but human breath</p>
<p>
is a dangerous weapon</p>
<p>
So mek dem send one big word after me</p>
<p>
I ent serving no jail sentence</p>
<p>
I slashing suffix in self-defence</p>
<p>
I bashing future wit present tense</p>
<p>
and if necessary</p>
<p>
I make de Queen’s English accessory/to my offence<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%204a(1).pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Rain by Edward Thomas</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 4</p>
<p>
Rain, midnight rain, nothing but the wild rain</p>
<p>
On this bleak hut, and solitude, and me</p>
<p>
Remembering again that I shall die</p>
<p>
And neither hear the rain nor give it thanks</p>
<p>
For washing me cleaner than I have been</p>
<p>
Since I was born into this solitude.</p>
<p>
Blessed are the dead that the rain rains upon:</p>
<p>
But here I pray that none whom once I loved</p>
<p>
Is dying to-night or lying still awake</p>
<p>
Solitary, listening to the rain,</p>
<p>
Either in pain or thus in sympathy</p>
<p>
Helpless among the living and the dead,</p>
<p>
Like a cold water among broken reeds,</p>
<p>
Myriads of broken reeds all still and stiff,</p>
<p>
Like me who have no love which this wild rain</p>
<p>
Has not dissolved except the love of death,</p>
<p>
If love it be for what is perfect and</p>
<p>
Cannot, the tempest tells me, disappoint.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>
<div class="yellowBg">
<h4>
Prose</h4>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%201.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> <em>The Catcher in the Rye</em> (extract) by J.D. Salinger</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 1</p>
<p>
Old Sally didn’t talk much, except to rave about the Lunts, because she was busy rubbering and being charming, Then, all of a sudden, she saw some jerk she knew on the other side of the lobby. Some guy in one of those very dark grey flannel suits and one of those checkered vests. Strictly Ivy League. Big deal. He was standing next to the wall, smoking himself to death and looking bored as hell. Old Sally kept saying, “I <em>know </em>that boy from somewhere.” She always <em>knew </em>somebody, any place you took her, or thought she did. She kept saying that till I got bored as hell, and I said to her, “Why don’t you go on over and give him a big soul kiss, if you know him. He’ll enjoy it.” She got sore when I said that. Finally, though, the jerk noticed her and came over and said hello. You should’ve seen the way they said hello. You’d have thought they hadn’t seen each other in twenty years. You’d have thought they’d taken baths in the same bathtub or something when they were little kids. Old buddyroos. It was nauseating. The funny part was, they probably met each other just <em>once</em>, at some phoney party. Finally, when they were all done slobbering around, old Sally introduced us. His name was George something – I don’t even remember – and he went to Andover. Big, big deal. You should’ve seen him when old Sally asked him how he liked the play. He was the kind of a phoney that have to give themselves <em>room </em>when they answer somebody’s question. He stepped back, and stepped right on the lady’s foot behind him. He probably broke every toe in her body. He said the play in itself was no masterpiece, but that the Lunts, of course, were absolute angels. Angels. For Chrissake. <em>Angels</em>. That killed me. Then he and old Sally started talking about a lot of people they both knew. It was the phoniest conversation you ever heard in your life.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%202.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> <em>The Book of Laughter and Forgetting</em> (extract) by Milan Kundera</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 2</p>
<p>
And then suddenly they were all singing the three or four simple notes again, speeding up the steps of their dance, fleeing rest and sleep, outstripping time, and filling their innocence with strength. Everyone was smiling, and Eluard leaned down to a girl he had his arm around and said,</p>
<p align="center">
<em>A man possessed by peace never stops smiling.</em></p>
<p>
And she laughed and stamped the ground a little harder and rose a few inches above the pavement, pulling the others along with her, and before long not one of them was touching the ground, they were taking two steps in place and one step forward without touching the ground, yes, they were rising up over Wenceslaus Square, their ring the very image of a giant wreath taking flight, and I ran off after them down on the ground, I kept looking up at them, and they floated on, lifting first one leg, then the other, and down below – Prague with its cafes full of poets and its jails full of traitors, and in the crematorium they were just finishing off one Socialist representative and one surrealist, and the smoke climbed to the heavens like a good omen, and I heard Eluard’s metallic voice intoning,</p>
<p align="center">
<em>Love is at work it is tireless,</em></p>
<p>
and I ran after the voice through the streets in the hope of keeping up that wonderful wreath of bodies rising above the city, and I realized with anguish in my heart that they were like flying birds and I was falling like a stone, that they had wings and I would never have any.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%203.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> <em>Women in Love</em> (extract) by D.H. Lawrence</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 3</p>
<p>
“The fool!” cried Ursula loudly. “Why doesn’t he ride away till it’s gone by?”</p>
<p>
Gudrun was looking at him with black-dilated, spellbound eyes. But he sat glistening and obstinate, forcing the wheeling mare, which spun and swerved like a wind, and yet could not get out of the grasp of his will, nor escape from the mad clamour of terror that resounded through her, as the trucks thumped slowly, heavily, horrifying, one after the other, one pursuing the other, over the rails of the crossing.</p>
<p>
The locomotive, as if wanting to see what could be done, put on the brakes, and back came the trucks resounding on the iron buffers, striking like horrible cymbals, clashing nearer and nearer in frightful strident concussions. The mare opened her mouth and rose slowly, as if lifted up on a wind of terror. Then suddenly her fore-feet struck out, as she convulsed herself utterly away from the horror. Back she went, and the two girls clung to each other, feeling she must fall backwards on top of him. But he leaned forward, his face shining with fixed amusement, and at last he brought her down, sank her down, and was bearing her back to the mark. But as strong as the pressure of his compulsion was the repulsion of her utter terror, throwing her back away from the railway, so that she spun round and round on two legs, as if she were in the centre of some whirlwind. It made Gudrun faint with poignant dizziness, which seemed to penetrate to her heart.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Extract%204.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> <em>The Heart of the Matter</em> (extract) by Graham Greene</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Extract 4</p>
<p>
Wilson sat on the balcony of the Bedford Hotel with his bald pink knees thrust against the ironwork. It was Sunday and the Cathedral bell clanged for matins. On the other side of Bond Street, in the window of the High School, sat the young negresses in dark blue gym smocks engaged on the interminable task of trying to wave their wirespring hair. Wilson stroked his very young moustache and dreamed, waiting for his gin-and-bitters.</p>
<p>
Sitting there, facing Bond Street, he had his face turned to the sea. His pallor showed how recently he had emerged from it into the port: so did his lack of interest in the schoolgirls opposite. He was like the lagging finger of the barometer, still pointing to Fair long after its companion had moved to Stormy. Below him the black clerks moved churchward, but their wives in brilliant afternoon dresses of blue and cerise aroused no interest in Wilson. He was alone on the balcony except for one bearded Indian in a turban who had already tried to tell his fortune: this was not the hour of the day for white men – they would be at the beach five miles away, but Wilson had no car. He felt almost intolerably lonely. On the other side of the school the tin roofs sloped toward the sea, and the corrugated iron above his head clanged and clattered as a vulture alighted.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>
<p>
Students are provided with the list of tone words and blank boxes from the tone grid (below). Prior to the lesson, the teacher should cut up these grids into individual words. Students set aside the blank boxes. Together, students check the meaning of any unfamiliar words. Students can then be asked to experiment with the words, grouping them into lexical clusters of near synonyms. Groups can move around the room to check on the work of their fellow students.</p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Tone%20Grid.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Grid for Tone Words</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Tone Words - Grid</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
bitter</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
</p>
<p align="center">
urgent</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
joking</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
detached</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
sentimental</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
humorous</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
nostalgic</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
sombre</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
irreverent</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
whimsical</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
ironic</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
indignant</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
flippant</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
cynical</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
vibrant</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
tender</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
romantic</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
angry</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
sympathetic</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
sardonic</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
alarming</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
despondent</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
gloomy</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
morose</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
sullen</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
playful</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
witty</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
agitated</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
anxious</p>
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
<p align="center">
contemptuous</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:123px;">
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
</td>
<td style="width:123px;">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>
<p>
After this, students should place their passage in the middle of A3 paper or a large sheet of sugar paper.</p>
<p>
Students read the passage, and in their groups they discuss its meaning and tone.</p>
<p>
Following this, students decide which tone words are relevant to understanding the passage. Words that are irrelevant can be discarded. Students, after discussion, glue the relevant tone words around their passage, with the most relevant words closest to the passage, and the least relevant words furthest away from their passage. This is the ‘zones of proximity’. Students can then use the blank boxes, if required, to add words of their own that they think describe the tone of the passage, and glue this to the paper.</p>
<p>
Finally, students can present their zones of proximity charts to other groups, explaining their decisions.</p>
<p>
This is an activity that can be repeated, and teachers may wish to alter the tone words given to students. Eventually, it is hoped, students develop a solid vocabulary, giving them increased confidence to discuss tone effectively. A list of tone words is provided below as an optional handout. It may, however, be better for students to construct this themselves.</p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p>
<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Tone%20Words.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> List of Tone Words: An Optional Handout to Students</a></p>
<p>
<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Tone Words</p>
<p>
<em>angry sharp upset silly boring afraid happy hollow joyful allusive sweet vexed tired bitter dreamy restrained proud dramatic sad cold urgent joking poignant detached confused childish peaceful mocking objective vibrant frivolous audacious shocking somber giddy sentimental fanciful complimentary condescending sympathetic contemptuous apologetic humorous horrific sarcastic nostalgic zealous irreverent benevolent seductive candid pitiful </em></p>
<p>
More Tone Words</p>
<p>
<em>Satiric whimsical learned informative somber urgent confident mock-heroic objective diffident ironic petty factual restrained elegiac disdainful lugubrious candid pedantic indignant bantering flippant condescending patronizing facetious clinical mock-serious inflammatory benevolent benign burlesque cynical incisive allusive scornful effusive fanciful colloquial compassionate impartial insipid pretentious vibrant irreverent sentimental moralistic complimentary contemptuous sympathetic taunting angry turgid sardonic contentious insolent concerned bellicose belligerent</em></p>
<p>
Tone Words – Categorized</p>
<p>
Reverence – <em>awe veneration solemn</em></p>
<p>
Happiness – <em>glad pleased merry glee delight cheerful gay sanguine mirth enjoy relish bliss</em></p>
<p>
Sadness – <em>somber melancholy sorrow lament despair despondent regret dismal funereal saturnine dark gloomy dejection grave grief morose sullen woe bleak remorse forlorn agony anguish depression misery barren empty pity lugubrious distress</em></p>
<p>
Irony – <em>smirking sneering derisive icy acerbic playful witty humorous sarcastic sardonic flippant cynical biting</em></p>
<p>
Love – <em>affection cherish fondness admiration tenderness sentiment romantic platonic adoration narcissism passion lust rapture ecstasy infatuated enamor compassion</em></p>
<p>
Anger – <em>vehement rage outrage antipathy irritation indignant vexation incensed petulant irascible riled bitter acrimony irate fury wrath rancor consternation hostility choleric aggravation futility umbrage gall bristle exasperation</em></p>
<p>
Joy – <em>exaltation zeal fervor ardor elation jubilant buoyancy</em></p>
<p>
Calm – <em>serene tranquil placid composed restful</em></p>
<p>
Hope – <em>expect anticipate confidence optimistic</em></p>
<p>
Hate – <em>vengeance abhorrence animosity enmity malice pique rancor aversion loathing despise scorn contempt disdain jealousy repugnance repulsion resentment spite disgust</em></p>
<p>
Fear – <em>apprehension timidity anxiety terror horror dismay agitation sinister alarm startle uneasy qualms angst trepidation intimidation appalled dread</em></p>
<p>
Words that describe language – <em>jargon vulgar scholarly insipid precise esoteric connotative plain literal colloquial artificial detached emotional pedantic euphemistic pretentious sensuous exact learned symbolic simple figurative bombastic abstruse grotesque concrete poetic moralistic slang idiomatic concrete cultured picturesque homespun provincial trite obscure precise exact</em><img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
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