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href="../19411/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions-1.html">Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16287/objectives-command-terms-1.html">Objectives & command terms</a></li><li><a href="../16288/grade-descriptors-1.html">Grade descriptors</a></li><li><a href="../16289/grade-boundaries-1.html">Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16302/paper-1-multiple-choice-1.html" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16303/advice-to-students-paper-1-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li><a href="../31515/practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16305/paper-2-1.html" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16306/advice-to-students-paper-2-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li><a href="../16307/areas-of-difficulty-1.html">Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16313/paper-3--1.html" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a 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href="../16323/retaking-the-exam-1.html">Retaking the exam</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul 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options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a href="../17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams--1.html">HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li><a href="../17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic--1.html">HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li><a href="../20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17793/hl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">HL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-1.html">HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html">Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li><a 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introduction questions ">Materials science introduction questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26082/mc-test-introduction-to-materials-science-1.html" title="MC test: Introduction to materials science">MC test: Introduction to materials science</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26051/materials-science-introduction-answers--1.html" title="Materials science introduction answers ">Materials science introduction answers </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19519/metals-and-icp-spectroscopy-1.html" title="Metals and ICP spectroscopy">Metals and ICP spectroscopy</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26109/mc-test-metals-icp-spectroscopy-1.html" title="MC test: Metals & ICP spectroscopy">MC test: Metals & ICP spectroscopy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19540/metals-icp-spectroscopy-questions-1.html" title="Metals & ICP spectroscopy questions">Metals & ICP spectroscopy questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26052/metals-icp-spectroscopy-answers-1.html" title="Metals & ICP spectroscopy answers">Metals & ICP spectroscopy answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19541/catalysts--1.html" title="Catalysts ">Catalysts </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26518/mc-test-catalysts-1.html" title="MC test: Catalysts">MC test: Catalysts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19549/catalysts-questions--1.html" title="Catalysts questions ">Catalysts questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26053/catalysts-answers--1.html" title="Catalysts answers ">Catalysts answers </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19580/liquid-crystals-1.html" title="Liquid crystals">Liquid crystals</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26133/mc-test-liquid-crystals-1.html" title="MC test: Liquid crystals">MC test: Liquid crystals</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19592/liquid-crystals-questions--1.html" title="Liquid crystals questions ">Liquid crystals questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26054/liquid-crystals-answers-1.html" title="Liquid crystals answers">Liquid crystals answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19665/polymers--1.html" title="Polymers ">Polymers </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26130/mc-test-polymers-1.html" title="MC test: Polymers">MC test: Polymers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19667/polymers-questions--1.html" title="Polymers questions ">Polymers questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26055/polymers-answers--1.html" title="Polymers answers ">Polymers answers </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19672/nanotechnology-1.html" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26759/mc-test-nanotechnology-1.html" title="MC test: Nanotechnology">MC test: Nanotechnology</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19778/nanotechnology-questions--1.html" title="Nanotechnology questions ">Nanotechnology questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26056/nanotechnology-answers--1.html" title="Nanotechnology answers ">Nanotechnology answers </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19843/environmental-impact-plastics-1.html" title="Environmental impact - plastics">Environmental impact - plastics</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26857/mc-test-environmental-impact-plastics-1.html" title="MC test: Environmental impact - plastics">MC test: Environmental impact - plastics</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19847/environmental-impact-plastics-questions-1.html" title="Environmental impact - plastics questions">Environmental impact - plastics questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26057/environmental-impact-plastics-answers-1.html" title="Environmental impact - plastics answers">Environmental impact - plastics answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19858/superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography--1.html" title="Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography ">Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26975/mc-test-superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography-1.html" title="MC test: Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography">MC test: Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19860/superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography-questions--1.html" title="Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography questions ">Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26058/superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography-answers-1.html" title="Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography answers">Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19666/condensation-polymers-1.html" title="Condensation polymers">Condensation polymers</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../27130/mc-test-condensation-polymers-1.html" title="MC test: Condensation polymers">MC test: Condensation polymers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19910/condensation-polymers-questions--1.html" title="Condensation polymers questions ">Condensation polymers questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26059/condensation-polymers-answers-1.html" title="Condensation polymers answers">Condensation polymers answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19916/environmental-impact-heavy-metals-1.html" title="Environmental impact - heavy metals">Environmental impact - heavy metals</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../27097/mc-test-environmental-impact-heavy-metals-1.html" title="MC test: Environmental impact - heavy metals">MC test: Environmental impact - heavy metals</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19926/environmental-impact-heavy-metals-questions--1.html" title="Environmental impact - heavy metals questions ">Environmental impact - heavy metals questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26060/environmental-impact-heavy-metals-answers-1.html" title="Environmental impact - heavy metals answers">Environmental impact - heavy metals answers</a></li></ul></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a href="../19284/option-b--1.html" title="Option B ">Option B </a></li><ul class="level-1 expanded"><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19290/introduction-to-biochemistry--1.html" title="Introduction to biochemistry ">Introduction to biochemistry </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24828/mc-test-introduction-to-biochemistry-1.html" title="MC test: Introduction to biochemistry">MC test: Introduction to biochemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19286/introduction-to-biochemistry-questions--1.html" title="Introduction to biochemistry questions ">Introduction to biochemistry questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24860/introduction-to-biochemistry-answers-1.html" title="Introduction to biochemistry answers">Introduction to biochemistry answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19287/proteins-enzymes--1.html" title="Proteins & enzymes ">Proteins & enzymes </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24830/mc-test-proteins-enzymes-1.html" title="MC test: Proteins & enzymes">MC test: Proteins & enzymes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19289/proteins-enzymes-questions--1.html" title="Proteins & enzymes questions ">Proteins & enzymes questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24862/proteins-enzymes-answers-1.html" title="Proteins & enzymes answers">Proteins & enzymes answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19291/lipids-1.html" title="Lipids">Lipids</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24834/mc-test-lipids-1.html" title="MC test: Lipids">MC test: Lipids</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19292/lipids-questions--1.html" title="Lipids questions ">Lipids questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24863/lipids-answers-1.html" title="Lipids answers">Lipids answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19299/carbohydrates--1.html" title="Carbohydrates ">Carbohydrates </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24851/mc-test-carbohydrates-1.html" title="MC test: Carbohydrates">MC test: Carbohydrates</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19298/carbohydrate-questions--1.html" title="Carbohydrate questions ">Carbohydrate questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24864/carbohydrate-answers-1.html" title="Carbohydrate answers">Carbohydrate answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19305/vitamins--1.html" title="Vitamins ">Vitamins </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24829/mc-test-vitamins-1.html" title="MC test: Vitamins">MC test: Vitamins</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19410/vitamins-questions--1.html" title="Vitamins questions ">Vitamins questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24865/vitamins-answers-1.html" title="Vitamins answers">Vitamins answers</a></li></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a href="../19313/biochemistry-the-environment--1.html" title="Biochemistry & the environment ">Biochemistry & the environment </a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class="current" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="mc-test-biochemistry-the-environment-1.html" title="MC test: Biochemistry & the environment">MC test: Biochemistry & the environment</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19335/biochemistry-the-environment-questions-1.html" title="Biochemistry & the environment questions">Biochemistry & the environment questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24866/biochemistry-the-environment-answers-1.html" title="Biochemistry & the environment answers">Biochemistry & the environment answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19336/proteins-enzymes-ahl--1.html" title="Proteins & enzymes (AHL) ">Proteins & enzymes (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24962/mc-test-proteins-enzymes-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Proteins & enzymes (AHL)">MC test: Proteins & enzymes (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19341/proteins-enzymes-hl-questions--1.html" title="Proteins & enzymes (HL) questions ">Proteins & enzymes (HL) questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24867/proteins-enzymes-hl-answers-1.html" title="Proteins & enzymes (HL) answers">Proteins & enzymes (HL) answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19347/nucleic-acids--1.html" title="Nucleic acids ">Nucleic acids </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24993/mc-test-nucleic-acids-1.html" title="MC test: Nucleic acids">MC test: Nucleic acids</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19360/nucleic-acids-questions--1.html" title="Nucleic acids questions ">Nucleic acids questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24869/nucleic-acids-answers-1.html" title="Nucleic acids answers">Nucleic acids answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19361/biological-pigments--1.html" title="Biological pigments ">Biological pigments </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25033/mc-test-biological-pigments-1.html" title="MC test: Biological pigments">MC test: Biological pigments</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19365/biological-pigments-questions--1.html" title="Biological pigments questions ">Biological pigments questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24870/biological-pigments-answers-1.html" title="Biological pigments answers">Biological pigments answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19366/stereochemistry-in-biomolecules-1.html" title="Stereochemistry in biomolecules">Stereochemistry in biomolecules</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25034/mc-test-stereochemistry-in-biomolecules--1.html" title="MC test: Stereochemistry in biomolecules ">MC test: Stereochemistry in biomolecules </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19373/stereochemistry-in-biomolecules-questions-1.html" title="Stereochemistry in biomolecules questions">Stereochemistry in biomolecules questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24871/stereochemistry-in-biomolecules-answers--1.html" title="Stereochemistry in biomolecules answers ">Stereochemistry in biomolecules answers </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19390/option-c--1.html" title="Option C ">Option C </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19391/energy-sources-1.html" title="Energy sources">Energy sources</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25112/mc-test-energy-sources-1.html" title="MC test: Energy sources">MC test: Energy sources</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19404/energy-sources-questions--1.html" title="Energy sources questions ">Energy sources questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25025/energy-sources-answers-1.html" title="Energy sources answers">Energy sources answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19407/fossil-fuels-1.html" title="Fossil fuels">Fossil fuels</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25178/mc-test-fossil-fuels-1.html" title="MC test: Fossil fuels">MC test: Fossil fuels</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19312/fossil-fuels-questions--1.html" title="Fossil fuels questions ">Fossil fuels questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25123/fossil-fuels-answers--1.html" title="Fossil fuels answers ">Fossil fuels answers </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19411/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions-1.html" title="Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions">Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25188/mc-test-nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions-1.html" title="MC test: Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions">MC test: Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19421/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-questions-1.html" title="Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission questions">Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25180/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-answers-1.html" title="Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission answers">Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html" title="Solar energy">Solar energy</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25207/mc-test-solar-energy-1.html" title="MC test: Solar energy">MC test: Solar energy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19430/solar-energy-questions-1.html" title="Solar energy questions">Solar energy questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25189/solar-energy-answers-1.html" title="Solar energy answers">Solar energy answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html" title="Environmental impact - global warming">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25236/mc-test-environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html" title="MC test: Environmental impact – global warming">MC test: Environmental impact – global warming</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19450/environmental-impact-global-warming-questions--1.html" title="Environmental impact - global warming questions ">Environmental impact - global warming questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25190/environmental-impact-global-warming-answers-1.html" title="Environmental impact - global warming answers">Environmental impact - global warming answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html" title="Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25258/mc-test-electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells">MC test: Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19455/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells questions">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25204/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-answers-1.html" title="Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells answers">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html" title="Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) ">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25269/mc-test-nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-hl-1.html" title="MC test: Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission (HL)">MC test: Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19468/nuclear-fusion-fission-reactions-hl-questions--1.html" title="Nuclear fusion & fission reactions (HL) questions ">Nuclear fusion & fission reactions (HL) questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25205/nuclear-fusion-fission-reactions-hl-answers-1.html" title="Nuclear fusion & fission reactions (HL) answers">Nuclear fusion & fission reactions (HL) answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html" title="Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25302/mc-test-photovoltaic-cells-dsscs-1.html" title="MC test: Photovoltaic cells & DSSCs">MC test: Photovoltaic cells & DSSCs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19471/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-questions--1.html" title="Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs questions ">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25206/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-answers-1.html" title="Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs answers">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs answers</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" title="Option D">Option D</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a 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regulation of the stomach">MC test: pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19185/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-questions--1.html" title="pH regulation of the stomach questions ">pH regulation of the stomach questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25391/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-answers-1.html" title="pH regulation of the stomach answers">pH regulation of the stomach answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html" title="Antiviral medications ">Antiviral medications </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25685/mc-test-antiviral-medications-1.html" title="MC test: Antiviral medications">MC test: Antiviral medications</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19195/antiviral-medications-questions-1.html" title="Antiviral medications questions">Antiviral medications questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25521/antiviral-medications-answers--1.html" title="Antiviral medications answers ">Antiviral medications answers </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html" title="Environmental impact of some medications">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25686/mc-test-environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html" title="MC test: Environmental impact of some medications">MC test: Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19216/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-questions-1.html" title="Environmental impact of some medications questions">Environmental impact of some medications questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25628/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-answers-1.html" title="Environmental impact of some medications answers">Environmental impact of some medications answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html" title="Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25687/mc-test-taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html" title="MC test: Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study">MC test: Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19256/taxol-questions--1.html" title="Taxol questions ">Taxol questions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../25638/taxol-answers-1.html" title="Taxol answers">Taxol answers</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html" title="Nuclear medicine ">Nuclear medicine </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26020/mc-test-nuclear-medicine-1.html" title="MC test: Nuclear medicine">MC test: Nuclear medicine</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><h1><img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/standard-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> <img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> Multiple choice test on B.6 Biochemistry & the environment</h1>
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<p>Use the following 'quiz' to test your knowledge and understanding of this sub-topic. As this relates to a sub-topic on the options you may need access to the IB data booklet.</p>
<p>If you get an answer wrong, read through the explanation carefully to learn from your mistakes.</p>
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<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="389" data-structure="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" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which class of compounds does the substance below belong to?</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/option-b/dioxin.png" style="width: 250px; height: 92px;"></p>
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<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="31046a54417d57104f5eb07ea7b8d2b9"><input type="radio"><span> PCBs</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="58429736718ded96ea7722b0d4c1efc7"><input type="radio"><span> dioxins</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="272382304547442a6cca0b7abd8945c6"><input type="radio"><span> DDTs</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="50afd957be0afc4d0ffaa7d3c6705a3c"><input type="radio"><span> chloroalkanes</span></label></p>
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<div class="q-explanation">
<p>2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin is one of the most toxic tetrachlorinated dioxins.</p>
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<p>Which are xenobiotics?</p>
<p><strong>I.</strong> PCBs</p>
<p><strong>II.</strong> Antibiotics</p>
<p><strong>III.</strong> Mercury</p>
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<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="6e8f59490da4f8511cc6c35874c9aea1"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong> only</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e6419af0165dac3130ce54bcb3f615f5"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong> </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="fb11b627e4760b5e2524a7af2daae6e8"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong> and <strong>III</strong> only</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f66d74473eaa9d67d77a484a14d7ffce"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong> and <strong>II</strong> only</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Antibiotics are natural xenobiotics whereas PCBs and the heavy metal mercury are pollutants that can be absorbed by organisms.</p>
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<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>The production and use of dioxins is tightly controlled. Which describes the main way in which dioxins can still be released into the environment?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c8a28420badbb269ae08cd6f0bc3ca62"><input type="radio"><span> the incineration of plastics at relatively low temperatures</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d8ad356b884f49071840d7aee7c38c0f"><input type="radio"><span> the use of artificial fertilizers</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ef6e7e65102b3fc9de5713b43bf2c069"><input type="radio"><span> leakage from old electrical capacitors</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c2bc603216bcf1386f410a718753f82f"><input type="radio"><span> the use of enzyme-containing detergents.</span></label></p>
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<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Most dioxin emissions come from burning household waste containing plastics under conditions that are not properly controlled.</p>
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<div class="q-question">
<p>Which substance can be used as a starting material to make a biodegradable plastic?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b4787ccd4b9fd06b024391485b697fb4"><input type="radio"><span> chloroethene</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ee1c0c815cb11cfafead0c60b5ddaed5"><input type="radio"><span> tetrafluoroethene</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d755380cd37acf9da77049326f830dca"><input type="radio"><span> styrene</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="2d471b9ed06e12f8c63f1e2b15668806"><input type="radio"><span> corn starch</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Bioplastics made from corn starch possess glycosidic bonds which can be broken down by organisms - the other three compounds are the starting materials for addition polymers which cannot be degraded naturally unless certain additives are added to aid decomposition.</p>
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<div class="q-question">
<p>Which forces of attraction can exist between the host and the guest in a host-guest complex?</p>
<p><strong>I. </strong>covalent bonds</p>
<p><strong>II. </strong>hydrogen bonds</p>
<p><strong>III.</strong> dipole-dipole interactions</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e6419af0165dac3130ce54bcb3f615f5"><input type="radio"><span><strong> I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong> </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f66d74473eaa9d67d77a484a14d7ffce"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong> and <strong>II</strong> only</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="fb11b627e4760b5e2524a7af2daae6e8"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong> and <strong>III</strong> only</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="6e8f59490da4f8511cc6c35874c9aea1"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong> only</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>There are no covalent bonds as these would be too strong to allow the guest molecule to bond transiently to the host.</p>
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<div class="q-question">
<p>In the twentieth century over 1000 people died in Japan due to 'Minamata disease'. This occurred near the town of Minamata where industrial waste containing mercury was released into the sea and accumulated in shellfish and fish which was then eaten by humans and domestic animals. What term is given to describe this phenomenon?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4ba4bf6df11b24e42dc830084621b5c1"><input type="radio"><span> biogenesis</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b9ee879ee51efeac5f1c6e4d93427bdd"><input type="radio"><span> biomagnification</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="281c36b13b6537ccaf86065aa269cfbb"><input type="radio"><span> bioremediation</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="6f95acc5e6bbf6caca1280398636ea2e"><input type="radio"><span> biodiversification</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The concentration of xenobiotics caused by moving up the food chain is known as biomagnification.</p>
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<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which is the correct expression for atom economy?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b99f6768ef43d436b2df58fd35743edf"><input type="radio"><span> Atom economy = (total amount in moles of all products ÷ total amount in moles of desired product(s)) x 100</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="517ba55a93a72e677f0269fe36c676b6"><input type="radio"><span> Atom economy = (total molar mass of desired product(s) ÷ total molar mass of all products) x 100</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="22afb0368d82328694f3b087c59b9ecd"><input type="radio"><span> Atom economy = (mass of desired product obtained experimentally ÷ maximum mass of product according to equation) x 100</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="243a9f9113dd7426d6b0714c65e26246"><input type="radio"><span> Atom economy = (total molar mass of all products ÷ total molar mass of desired product(s)) x 100</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The atom economy is not the percentage yield, which is based on the actual mass of the desired product(s) obtained. It is based on the mass of all the atoms in the desired product(s) divided by the total mass of all atoms present in all the products( which is is also equal to the mass of all the atoms present in the reactants) according to the stoichiometric equation, expressed as a percentage.</p>
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<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which are aspects of green chemistry?<br>
<br>
<strong>I. </strong>It aims to reduce consumption of non-renewable substances.</p>
<p><strong>II.</strong> It focuses on the effects of pollutants on the environment.</p>
<p><strong>III. </strong>It aims to minimise the use and generation of hazardous substances.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="6e8f59490da4f8511cc6c35874c9aea1"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong> only</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="fb11b627e4760b5e2524a7af2daae6e8"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong> and <strong>III</strong> only</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e6419af0165dac3130ce54bcb3f615f5"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong>,<strong> II</strong> and <strong>III</strong> </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f66d74473eaa9d67d77a484a14d7ffce"><input type="radio"><span> <strong>I</strong> and <strong>II</strong> only</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Green chemistry is concerned with minimising the use and production of hazardous substances and minimising the use of energy. Environmental chemistry is concerned with the <strong>effects</strong> of pollutants.</p>
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<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Hydrogen gas can be obtained by reacting steam with coal. Assuming coal is 100% carbon the equation is:</p>
<p>C(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(g) → CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p>What is the atom economy for the production of hydrogen by this method?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="67e7964dcb7c42170f12cde2e393cbf5"><input type="radio"><span> 16.67%</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="09c2ced1aadb61e12c9ef57bcebcee44"><input type="radio"><span> 91.67%</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ee90de3a5d35b6d5b6b7bef010fc9f38"><input type="radio"><span> 8.33%</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="30bd7ce7de206924302499f197c7a966"><input type="radio"><span> 100%</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The atom economy = 4/48 x 100 = 8.33%. 'Synthesis gas' is the production of carbon <strong>monoxide</strong> and hydrogen from coal and steam. This has an even lower atom economy (6.67%) and also produces poisonous carbon monoxide. By a process known as 'water gas shift' carbon dioxide can be formed in the reaction instead of carbon monoxide. If the carbon dioxide can be trapped and stored as a solid this method provides a clean way to produce hydrogen from coal.</p>
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<div class="q-question">
<p>What is meant by biodegradation?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="a3cba4c11ece640830d51d0edfebaee4"><input type="radio"><span> the breakdown of living organisms by light</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="610ee4c284dfc02beffc40203047e568"><input type="radio"><span> can be broken down by bacteria or other living organisms</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1a59c092cdbdeeaa73312dd0960a5688"><input type="radio"><span> the breakdown of living organisms by heat</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3306928200fb92615b4f0c497b5692c9"><input type="radio"><span> can be listed according to type of genus</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Although the syllabus states "Biodegradable/compostable plastics can be consumed or broken down by bacteria or other living organisms." technically compostable is more specific as it means can be consumed or broken down only under composting conditions whereas biodegradable refers to any conditions.</p>
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