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class="page_title"> Topic 7 Nucleic acids HL Paper 1 questions <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="2887" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../2876/paper-1-style-exam-questions.html">Paper 1 style Exam questions</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Topic 7 Nucleic acids HL Paper 1 questions</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Topic_1:_Cell_biology">Topic 7: <a class="internal-link" href="https://e.studyib.net/biology/page/469/07-nucleic-acids-ahl">Nucleic acids HL</a></span> <img alt="" src="../../images/07_nucleic_acids/nucleosomes.jpeg" style="float: right; width: 200px; height: 98px;"></h3> <p><span class="mw-headline">This page contains <strong>multiple choice questions</strong> in the style of Paper 1 of the Biology exams.<br> They test the breadth of your knowledge of the understandings and skills<strong> about the Nucleic acids HL topic</strong>.</span><span class="mw-headline"><br> To spend more time reviewing the topic before answering these questions, use the revision resources.</span></p> <div class="index-list"> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/biology/page/469/07-nucleic-acids-ahl'" style="background-image: url('../../images/03_genetics/dna-1.png')" title="07 Nucleic acids AHL"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../469/07-nucleic-acids-ahl.html">Nucleic acids HL revision resources</a></h4> <p class="body">This is an introduction to the HL Nucleic acids topic. It lists understandings and skills expected for Topic 7 including; extra details of DNA structure and replication, transcription and gene expression as well as translation. Helpful for...</p> </div> </div> </div> <p><span class="mw-headline">Learn from any mistakes. Every question has an examiner's explanation that appears when you check your answers.<span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><img alt="" src="../../images/00_random-images/check-button.png" style="width: 80px; height: 35px;"></span></span></span></span></p> <div class="tib-quiz dyn-quiz" data-pid="2887" data-mtime="1675505942.2967"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>It is estimated that a large percentage of human DNA is 'non-coding'.</p><p>Which of the following answers lists important functions of these non-coding regions?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Recessive alleles and genes for tRNA molecules</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Introns and telomeres</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Regulators of gene expression, and genes for DNA replication enzymes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Exons and genes for tRNA molecules</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Hidden explanation (optional)</p><ul><li>Non-coding regions of DNA have other important functions, limited to regulators of gene expression, introns, telomeres and genes for tRNAs.</li></ul></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following is a role of nucleosomes in eukaryotes?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA replication</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Protection of mRNA </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Part of supercoiling of DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Initiation of translation.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Supercoiling of DNA involves many steps, but the formation of nucleosomes is an impotant part of this. DNA is wrapped two times around a group of histone proteins.<br>Also: Transcription is partly regulated by Nucleosomes in eukaryotes.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">3</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>To which part of an RNA primer can DNA polymerase III enzymes add nucleotides?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The base</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The 5' end</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The 3' end</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The phosphate</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p class="liWithoutP">DNA polymerase enzymes can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a primer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">4</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which is the best description of 'crossing-over'</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The exchange of pieces of DNA between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The exchange of pieces of DNA between sister chromatids of autosomes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The exchange of pieces of DNA between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The exchange of pieces of DNA between non-sister chromatids of sex chromosomes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><ul><li>DNA replication makes a second chromatid in each chromosome in interphase before meiosis.</li><li>Crossing over exchanges pieces of DNA between non-sister homologous chromatids and forms new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes formed in meiosis.</li></ul><ul></ul><ul></ul><ul></ul></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">5</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>RNA polymerase adds an RNA nucleotide to a growing mRNA molecule during transcription.</p><p>In which direction does this happen?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> RNA polymerase adds the 3' end of an RNA nucleotide to the 5' end of the growing mRNA molecule.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> RNA polymerase adds the 5' end of the mRNA molecule to the 3' end of the nucleotide.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> RNA polymerase adds the 5' end of an RNA nucleotide to the 3' end of the growing mRNA molecule.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> RNA polymerase moves from the 5' to the 3' end of the template strand.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The direction of Transcription is in a 5’ to 3’ direction as RNA polymerase adds the 5´ end (phosphate) of the free RNA nucleotide to the 3´ end of the growing mRNA molecule.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">6</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In research geneticists were able to compare methylation in genes thought to be linked with drought tolerance in rice. This graphs shows the methylation levels found.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/07_nucleic_acids/methylation_graph2.jpeg" style="width: 350px; height: 382px;"></p><p>What can be concluded from this data about the correlation between methylation patterns and drought tolerance?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Lower methylation % in drought tolerant plants ed.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Higher methylation seems associated with drought sensitivity.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Higher methylation seems associated with drought tolerance.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Methylation seems to have no effect on drought tolerance.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The skill to analyse changes in the DNA methylation patterns in connection with gene expression.</p><p>The diagram shows the general principal that more methylation is found in the drought tolerant rice.<br>There is no evidence that this is the cause, nor which genes are specifically involved.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">7</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How did Hershey and Chase label protein and DNA in bacteriophages to demonstrate that DNA was the genetic material?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Radioactive nitrogen to tag the protein and radioactive phosphorus to tag the DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Radioactive sulphur to tag the protein and radioactive nitrogen to tag the DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Radioactive sulphur to tag the protein and radioactive phosphorus to tag the DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Radioactive phosphorus to tag the protein and radioactive sulphur to tag the DNA.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Phosphorus is not present in protein and sulphur is not present in DNA so these elements can be sure to label just one of the molecules.<br>Nitrogen is present in both DNA and protein.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">8</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following bonds are found in a DNA double helix?</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">I Covalent bonds between sugar and sugar.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">II Hydrogen bonds.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">III Covalent bonds between phosphate and sugar.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">IV Peptide bonds.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> II only</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> All of the above</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> III only</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> II, III only</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>There are hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposing DNA strands and covalent <span class="scayt-misspell-word" data-scayt-word="phosphodiester" data-wsc-id="kz7kz1dgn6ev5vwpy" data-wsc-lang="en_GB">phosphodiester</span> bonds joining the phosphate on the 5' carbon of the sugar to the 3' Carbon of the sugar in the growing DNA strand. This makes a sugar phosphate backbone.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">9</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which enzyme attaches RNA nucleotides at the start of DNA replication?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ligase</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA Polymerase I</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Primase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Helicase.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>RNA Primase provides the starting point for replication, helicase unwinds the double helix, DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments and DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">10</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which best describes the nature and direction of DNA replication on the lagging strand?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Discontinuous and towards from the replication fork.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Discontinuous and away from the replication fork.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Continuous and towards from the replication fork.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Continuous and away from the replication fork.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>On the lagging strand, replication is discontinuous and away from the replication fork.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">11</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In which direction does DNA replication occur on the leading strand?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In a 3' to 5' direction towards the replication fork.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In a 3' to 5' direction away from the replication fork.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> In a 5' to 3' direction towards the replication fork.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction. In the case of the leading strand, this is towards the replication fork.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">12</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why must DNA polymerase III replicate the leading and lagging strands of DNA in opposite directions?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA polymerase can only bind to a DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction and the two old strands are antiparallel.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA polymerase can only bind to a DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction and the two old strands are parallel.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA polymerase can only bind to a DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction and the two old strands are antiparallel.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> DNA polymerase can only bind to a DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction and the two old strands are antiparallel.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Enzymes are specific and the active site of DNA polymerase III can only bind to the 5; end of the backbone. As the strands are antiparallel this will be in opposite directions.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">13</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is a promoter gene?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A protein that affects gene expression.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A sequence of DNA that affects gene expression.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A sequence of RNA that determines gene expression.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A sequence of DNA that contains the start codon.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>A promoter gene is a sequence of DNA found near the beginning of a gene that controls gene expression.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">14</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which enzyme binds to a promoter gene?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Helicase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> RNA polymerase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Translatase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> DNA polymerase.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>RNA polymerase binds at the promoter gene to begin transcription of mRNA.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">15</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which structures are possessed by all protein molecules?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Primary.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Primary, secondary and tertiary.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Primary and secondary.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>All proteins possess a primary structure of the amino acid sequence and a secondary structure of a-helix or b pleated sheet and a tertiary three dimensional shape but some proteins do not have multiple polypeptide subunits (quaternary).</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">16</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is a conjugated protein?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A protein with more than one structure.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A protein with a quaternary structure and a prosthetic group.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Several proteins bonded together.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A protein combined with a lipid.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Prosthetic groups such as Iron in <span class="scayt-misspell-word" data-scayt-word="hemoglobin" data-wsc-id="kz7m3p4jikvwh32db" data-wsc-lang="en_GB">hemoglobin</span> are part of the functional region of proteins. and are held in place by the tertiary structure.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">17</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How can a cell increase the rate of protein production?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Producing more DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Using polysaccharides.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Producing more mRNA and use polysomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Making transcription faster using more single strand binding proteins.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Promoter genes can cause production of greater quantities of mRNA for translation.<br>Polysomes allow more than one polypeptide chain to be produced from one mRNA molecule.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">18</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the sequence of events in the assembly of a ribosome at the start of transcription?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The large subunit of the ribosome binds to the small subunit and then to mRNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> mRNA binds to the small subunit of the ribosome which then binds to the large subunit.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome which then binds to the small subunit.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> mRNA binds both the subunits of the ribosomeat the same time.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The small subunit of the ribosome has a binding site for mRNA, when the mRNA binds to this site, the large subunit attaches.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">19</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides. unwinding the DNA helix for transcription?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/topic-8/topic-8/topic-7/7.2-rna-polymerase.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 159px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Gyrase</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Helicase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ligase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> RNA polymerase.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix, breaking the hydrogen bonds (and also forms the mRNA strand). The other enzymes are involved in DNA replication.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">20</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why are enzymes not directly involved in protein synthesis by the ribosome?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The ribosome synthesises ATP.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> mRNA is also an enzyme.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The ribosome has catalytic properties.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> No energy is required to synthesise peptide bonds.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>rRNA is the only non-protein known to have catalytic properties. ATP is required for polypeptide bond formation but the ribosome catalyses the formation of the peptide bond.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p>Refresh this page to try a new set of 20 multiple choice questions. The questions will be different next time you visit. 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