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0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="growth-in-plants-93-hl.html">Growth in plants 9.3 HL</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../1254/reproduction-in-plants-94-hl.html">Reproduction in plants 9.4 HL</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Growth in plants 9.3 HL <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="1253" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../471/09-plant-biology-ahl.html">09 Plant biology AHL</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Growth in plants 9.3 HL</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675505972" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Summary list for 9.3 Growth in plants</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Exam style question about auxin</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Exam style question on micropropagation. </a></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7">Exam style question on flowering and day length</a></li><li><a href="#header-8" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-8">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-9" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-9">Multiple choice questions</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-10" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-10"> 9.3 Plant growth 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-11" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-11">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" readonly="true" src="../../images/09_plants/meristem_root.jpg" style="width: 721px; height: 664px;"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">This topic covers three aspects of growth in plants, phototropism, micropropagation and the indeterminate growth of plants. The role of hormones in organising growth of multicellular organisms is illustrated by auxin in phototropism, and then micropropagation illustrates an application of hormonal control. To understand the structure of meristems and how they provide plants which the ability of indeterminate growth is the cornerstone of this topic. Everything else depends on meristems.</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary using these <strong>9.3 Growth in plants</strong> flashcards.</p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/503075219/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-197" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="197"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-197" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants2-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-197" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants2-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-197" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-197" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-197" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-197" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-197" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants2-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-197/93growthintplants-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Summary list for 9.3 Growth in plants<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p><u>Meristems and growth</u></p> <ul> <li>Plant meristems are undifferentiated cells which allow indeterminate growth (ie: plants continue to grow when adult.)</li> <li>Mitosis and cell division in the shoot apex provide cells needed for the stem to get longer and for the development of leaves.</li> </ul> <p><u>Hormonal control of shoot growth</u></p> <ul> <li>Plant hormones (ie: auxin) control growth in the shoot apex.</li> <li>Auxin efflux pumps can create auxin concentration gradients</li> <li>Plant shoots respond to the environment by tropisms.</li> <li>Concentration gradients of auxin in plant tissue influence the rate of cell growth by changing the pattern of gene expression.</li> </ul> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Skills </strong></p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Micropropagation of plants using tissue from the shoot apex grown on nutrient agar gels in the presence of growth hormones can be used for rapid production of new varieties, of virus-free strains of existing varieties and for propagation of orchids and other rare species.</li> </ul> </div> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 9.3 Growth in plants.<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map, from memory if you can.<br> Try to turn the simple mindmap into the detailed mindmap from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-198" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="198"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspider.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-198" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspider.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspiderlist.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-198" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspiderlist.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspidersimple.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-198" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspidersimple.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-198" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-198" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspider-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-198/93growthinplantsspidersimple-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-3">Exam style question about auxin<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Explaining the effect of auxin on plant growth is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Describe the role of auxin in phototropism in growing shoots [5]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <div class="yellowBg"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>5 points from these would make a good answer.</p> <ol> <li>auxin is a plant hormone made in the shoot tip which promotes growth</li> <li>low concentrations of auxin in cells makes cell walls softer</li> <li>this allows cells to grow larger</li> <li>phototropism is growth of a shoot towards light</li> <li>the shoot tip moves auxin to the darker side of the stem</li> <li>auxin efflux pumps move the auxin</li> <li>cells on darker side elongate / grow faster bending the shoot</li> <li>high concentrations of auxin can be toxic or inhibit shoot growth</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on micropropagation. Click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-5">Exam style question on micropropagation. <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline two uses of micropropagation in the conservation of species. (2 marks)</strong></p> <p>Answer on paper and then compare your answer to the model answer.</p> <hr> <hr> <p>Hint: Outline - brief phrases or single words. Link your response to conservation, not agriculture.</p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer. </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-6">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline two uses of micropropagation in the conservation of species. (3 marks)</strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Micropropagation can be used to produce whole plants from small samples of tissues.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Micropropagation does no damage the parent plant (which may be a rare or valuable species).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Bulking up can therefore produce many clones of an endangered plant from a single specimen.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Plants produced by bulking up can be returned to the ecosystem.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <p> </p> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Extra exam question on flowering and day length. Click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-7">Exam style question on flowering and day length<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Plants respond to their environment by changing growth patterns</p> <p><strong>Outline two ways in which plant flowering patterns are affected by the length of the day. (3 marks)</strong></p> <div class="yellowBg"> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr><em>Hint: This question is about the change in growth patterns in response to day length, not the mechanism by which this is achieved.</em></div> Click on the "+" icon to see a model answer. <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-8">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline two ways in which plant flowering patterns are affected by the length of the day. (2 marks)</strong></p> <p><em>Outline - give major points in brief.</em></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Plants respond to the length of the day to relate growth patterns to the seasons of the year</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Long day plants produce leaves when the day length is more than 12 hours (length of the dark period is less than 12 hours).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Short day plants produce leaves when the day length is less than 12 hours (length of the dark period is over 12 hours).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Long day plants flower in the summer, short day plants flower in the autumn.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-9">Multiple choice questions<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#ef9926a2"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="ef9926a2"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-10"> 9.3 Plant growth <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-529-1253" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the statements best describes apical meristems?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Rapidly dividing cells in the tip of the shoot or root of a plant. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Colourful cells in the flowers of angiosperms.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Stem cells in the cambium of vascular bundles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cells at the apex of a shoot which protect the growing point below.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The apex is the tip (apical) Lateral is at the side, lateral meristems are found where branches or leaves form on the stem. Apical meristems are found at root tips and shoot tips</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The microscope image below shows the tip of an onion root. <br>What are the characteristic of the cells which form the meristem?</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../images/09_plants/meristem_root.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 276px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are small cells found at the very tip of the root</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> They are small undifferentiated cells </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are small cells found in rows, getting larger and larger</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are large undifferentiated cells </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>They are small undifferentiated cells, doing rapid mitosis, found just behind the tip of the root.</p><p>At the very tip, there are some larger cells which form the root cap. This area is tough and prevents damage to the meristem behind it as the root pushes through the soil.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the name of the plant hormone which causes this unusual plant growth towards a window?</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../images/09_plants/photropism.jpg" style="width: 361px; height: 237px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Auxin</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Tropism</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Albumen</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Troponin</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Auxin is the plant hormone which causes phototropism.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the difference between mitosis and cell division?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cell division occurs in animals and cell division in plants</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Meiosis divides the cytoplasm and cell division divides the cytoplasm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Mitosis and cell division happen simultaneously</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Mitosis divides the nucleus and cell division divides the cytoplasm</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Mitosis divides the nucleus and then cell division occurs dividing the cytoplasm.</p><p>Cell elongation is also important for the growth of the shoot but it noes not provide new cells.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Name the response shown by the plants in the image below which causes them to grow towards the light?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/09_plants/phototropism-2.jpg" style="width: 350px; height: 340px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photoperiodism</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photosynthesis</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photoactivation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Phototropism</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Phototropism is the growth of a plant, towards or away from a source of light, in response to the light.</p><p>Plant shoots often grow towards light so they can maximise their photosynthesis.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following suggestions is a potential application of micropropagation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The rapid increase in the yield of a field of orange trees during a period of dry weather</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The rapid reproduction of a new variety of rice using tissue from just a single plant.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The rapid production of a rare flower plants with a great genetic variety.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The reduction in the population of insect pests in a field of flowering maize</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>As all the plants produced by micropropagation are genetically identical there will be no increase in the genetic variety in the gene pool. The procedure produces many small plants which may have a beneficial characteristic, e.g. drought tolerance, or resistant to pests, but existing plants are not changed using this process.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which is the best description of micropropagation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The use of cuttings of leaves or roots to create clones of a plant.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> An operation to remove meristem allowing plants to become dwarf varieties.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A method of seed dispersal which ensures that only a small number of seeds.are planted in each place.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The use of plant tissue from the meristem in the shoot apex to create clones of the plant.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Micropropagation uses plant tissue from the shoot apex to create clones of the original plant.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The movement of auxin within a growing shoot is important for phototropism.<br>Which of the following mechanisms is thought to move auxin from cell to cell in a growing shoot?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Transcription factors binding to auxin molecules</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Auxin efflux pumps using active transport</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Membrane proteins allowing facilitated diffusion of auxin</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The synthesis of auxin in rER of shoot cells</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Auxin efflux pumps move auxin away from light and towards the shady part of a growing shoot.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph below shows the results of an experiment to test four concentrations of auxin on the growth of some seedlings. </p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../images/09_plants/auxin_conc.jpg" style="width: 350px; height: 210px;"></p><p>Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the results?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The higher concentrations promote lengthening of the shoots</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> All concentrations promote lengthening of the shoots but the lower concentrations have most effect growth.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The increased growth at low concentrations suggests that without auxin shoots would grow longer.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> As the concentration of auxin increases the length of the shoots decreases.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Be careful interpreting the scale. </p><p>The y-axis is potentially confusing. 2.5 means that the shoots grow 2.5 times more than the control group.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <h3 id="header-11">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505972" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-865-1253"><p><strong>The role of the meristem in plant growth.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to outline growth in flowering plants.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hormones</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">mitosis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">environmental</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">determinate</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">indeterminate</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">meiosis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">types</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">expression</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">totipotent</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">flower</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">different</span></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p> Angiosperm growth is <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="indeterminate"> <span class="review"></span> , meristematic cells divide by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="mitosis"> <span class="review"></span> and produce new organs continually.</p><p>Meristems are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="totipotent"> <span class="review"></span> , depending upon the growth pattern of the plant, the same meristematic cells can produce <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="different"> <span class="review"></span> organs. For example, the stem apical meristem can produce stem, leaf or <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="flower"> <span class="review"></span> primordia (embryonic organs) and all of the cell <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="types"> <span class="review"></span> that the organ requires.</p><p>The development of the plant is controlled by plant <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hormones"> <span class="review"></span> that alter gene <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="expression"> <span class="review"></span> in the differentiating cells by responding to <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="environmental"> <span class="review"></span> conditions such as the length of the day.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation: Angiosperm grwth patterns are controlled by hormones and are responses to environmental influences.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. 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