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Metabolism HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2889/topic-9-plant-biology-hl-paper-1-questions.html">Topic 9 Plant biology HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2890/topic-10-genetics-hl-paper-1-questions.html">Topic 10 Genetics HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2891/topic-11-animal-physiology-hl-paper-1-questions.html">Topic 11 Animal physiology HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Topic 1 Cell Biology Paper 1 questions <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="2875" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../2876/paper-1-style-exam-questions.html">Paper 1 style Exam questions</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Topic 1 Cell Biology Paper 1 questions</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Topic_1:_Cell_biology">Topic 1: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/IB_Biology/Cell_biology" title="IB Biology/Cell biology">Cell biology</a></span> <img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/mitosis_stages_qn.png" style="float: right; width: 134px; height: 100px;"></h3> <p><span class="mw-headline">This page contains <strong>multiple choice questions</strong> in the style of Paper 1 of the Biology exams.<br> They test the breadth of your knowledge of the understandings and skills<strong> about cell biology</strong>.</span><span class="mw-headline"><br> To spend more time reviewing the topic before answering these questions, use the revision resources.</span></p> <div class="index-list"> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/biology/page/462/01-cell-biology'" style="background-image: url('../../images/01_cells/acetabularia_-wikimedia-24-nov-2012-1.jpg')" title="01 Cell biology"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../462/01-cell-biology.html">Cell biology revision resources</a></h4> <p class="body">This page lists the understandings and skills expected for Topic 1 and links to the sub-topic pages which contain detailed revision notes, activities and past paper style questions. Great for revision.</p> </div> </div> </div> <p><span class="mw-headline">Learn from any mistakes. Every question has an examiner's explanation that appears when you check your answers.<span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><img alt="" src="../../images/00_random-images/check-button.png" style="width: 80px; height: 35px;"></span></span></span></span></p> <div class="tib-quiz dyn-quiz" data-pid="2875" data-mtime="1675505764.3875"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The 64 codons of mRNA code for the same amino acids in almost all species. A rare exception is found in <em>Paramecium</em> where one of the "stop codons" actually codes for the amino acid glutamine.</p><p>What does this suggest about the origin of cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The first cells had individual ways of coding for amino acids.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Amino acids must have existed before cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> All living things have the same genes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It is likely that this genetic code has a single origin.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The 64 codons in the genetic code give rise to the same amino acids in nearly all organisms, There is very little variaion. If the genetic code had evolved several times in the history off life, there would be many differences.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question">What can be concluded from data which shows that, with few exceptions, the genetic code is universal?</div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It supports the idea that protein synthesis relies on mRNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It supports the idea that bacteria contain the same proteins as humans. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It supports the idea that all life has evolved from a common origin.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It supports that the codon UGG is present in all genes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The 64 codons in the genetic code give rise to the same amino acids in nearly all organisms. <br>There is very little variaion. This is evidence for a single common origin of life. </p><p>Differences in the frequency of amino acid use reflects the different genes in the two organisms.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">3</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which cells are produced when a diploid cell divides by mitosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Two haploid cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Four diploid cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Two diplod cells</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Four haploid cells.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei in eukaryote cells.<br>A diploid cell will produce two diploid daughter cells in one division of mitosis.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">4</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The DNA of eukaryote cells is organised into chromosomes</p><p>What happens to the DNA at prophase in the beginning of mitosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chromosomes replicate and become double stranded.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chromosomes divide into two at the centromere.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chromosomes unwind caused by enzyme catalysed reactions.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Chromosomes appear by supercoiling of DNA.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis. This makes the chromosomes visible.</p><p>The DNA replicates during interphase, not prophase.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">5</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The microscope image shows cells in a tissue sample taken from a growth suspected of being cancerous.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/mitosis_tumour_cells.png" style="width: 400px; height: 304px;"></p><p>What is the best estimate of the mitotic index of this tissue?<br>Assume that there are exactly 60 cells (for simplicity).</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 60/3</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 1/20</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 20/60</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1/60</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Skill: Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph<br>There are 3 cells in stages of mitosis.<br>So the mitotic index = 3 divided by 60 cells total.<br>Keeping it simple = 1 / 20 or 0.05</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">6</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What effect does reducing the amount of cholesterol in a cell membrane have on its properties?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It would increase membrane fluidity but has no effect on permeability.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It would reduce membrane fluidity and permeability to some solutes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It would reduce membrane fluidity but has no effect on permeability.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It would increase membrane fluidity and permeability to some solutes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Cholesterol is a component of animal cell membranes. Application: Cholesterol in mammalian membranes reduces membrane fluidity and permeability to some solutes.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">7</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why is it that prokaryotes can divide by the simple process of binary fission, but eukaryotes have to divide by the more complex process of mitosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Eukaryotes are bigger than prokaryotes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Eukaryotes have mitochondria but prokaryotes do not.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Single celled organisms do binary fission.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Prokaryotes have no nucleus whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>To explain how the structure of prokaryotes allows them to divide by binary fission you could mention:</p><ul><li>Prokaryotes have a single chromosome, eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes</li><li>Prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane, which eukaryotes have.</li></ul></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">8</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the importance of surface area to volume ratio to cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In controls the shape of cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It affects the respiration rate in cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It limits the amount of DNA in the cytoplasm.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It limits the size of cells</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Surface area to volume ratio is important in the limitation of cell size. The lager the volume, the greater the need for materials which have to be exchanged over the surface of the cell.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">9</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The electron microscope image below shows a scale bar marked with 100µm.</p><p>The large 'goblet cell' in the centre is producing mucous which will protect the surface of the epithelium.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_mucous_glandscalebar.jpeg" style="width: 300px; height: 250px;"></p><p>What is the diameter of the goblet cell?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 80000 µm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 250 µm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 20 µm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 80 µm</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Accurately, measure the scale bar length in mm, measure the diameter of the cell, in mm<br>divide cell diameter by scalebar and multiply by 100µm.</p><p>You can often estimate the size using the scale bar and your thumb or a pen.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">10</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The blood cells below were imaged using an electron microscope.</p><p>The magnification is x3000 and the ruler measures the central cell as being 2 cm in diameter.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cells_blood_scalebar3.jpeg" style="width: 300px; height: 212px;"></p><p>Estimate the actual size of this white blood cell.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 6000µm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 6.6 µm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 60 µm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0.6µm</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Calculate specimen size using magnification?</p><p>First change the size measurement into µm units = 20000µm</p><p>Then divide by the magnification. 20000 / 3000 = 20 / 3 = 6.6 µm</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">11</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Stargarts disease, which causes loss of cells in the retina can be treated using a special type of human cell.<br>Which of the following is used because it is still able to differentiate?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Erythrocytes</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Embryonic stem cells</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Epithelial cells</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Rod and cone cells</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Stem cells can differentiate and become specialised cells.<br>They often take on the features of the cells around them.<br>Rod cells, cone cells, and erythrocytes are specialised cells and cannot differentiate.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">12</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which label in the image below shows the process of endocytosis?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/intercellular-transport.png" style="width: 400px; height: 255px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> C</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> D</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> B</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> A</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Endocytosis is the process where a substance is surrounded by the plasma membrane which forms a vesicle inside the cell that then moves into the cytoplasm, separating from the plasma membrane.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">13</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following could be used to distinguish a living from a non- living object</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Can utilise energy</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Can respire</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Can move</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Can produce energy</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Comment: Inanimate objects can move, produce and utilise energy but the process of respiration is exclusive to living systems</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">14</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following are methods by which molecules can move across membranes?</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">I. Simple diffusion</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">II. Facilitated diffusion</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">III. Cytokinesis</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">IV. Active transport</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I,II,III and IV</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I and II</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> I,II and IV</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I,III and IV</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>There are actually four types of membrane transport which are required in DP Biology, Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">15</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image is of a prokaryotic cell. Which feature defines the cell as prokaryotic?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/prokaryotic-cell-new.jpg" style="width: 147px; height: 300px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Flagella</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 80s ribosomes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cell wall</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Nucleoid</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The lack of a membrane bound nucleus (nucleoid) classifies a cell as prokaryotic.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">16</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image shows a transverse section of a plant cell seen using an electron microscope.<br>What is the main function of the large organelle (A) seen in the cell?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/tem_plant_cellasmall.png" style="width: 300px; height: 283px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Storage of starch</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photosynthesis</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Aerobic respiration</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Storage of genetic material</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The organelle shown is the nucleus, it stores the genetic information, DNA and is the location of DNA replication and Transcription.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">17</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram is of a plasma membrane. Which label corresponds to a protein channel?</p><p><a href="../../images/01_cells/plasma_membrane1234.png" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/plasma_membrane1234.png" style="width: 300px; height: 197px;"></a></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 3</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 4</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Protein channels cross the membrane to allow hydrophilic substances to pass through the membrane.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">18</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which process is involved in white blood cells engulfing bacteria (arrowed in the photomicrograph)?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/test.png"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Diapedesis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Exocytosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Digestion.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Endocytosis</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>White blood cells engulf bacteria by endocytosis, the intake of solid particles by a cell membrane.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">19</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Identify the stage of mitosis of cells 1 and 2</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/mitosis-stages.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 127px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 1 Anaphase 2 Metaphase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1 Metaphase 2 Telophase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1 Metaphase 2 Anaphase</label><label class="radio"><span class="radio"></span></label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In cell 2, the chromatids are aligned on the equator (seen from above)- Metaphase. In cell 1, the chromatids are moving towards the poles - Anaphase.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">20</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image below was taken in 1825 and shows part of the cell cycle.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cytokinesis.png" style="width: 200px; height: 169px;"></p><p>What is shown in the image?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A plant cell at the stage of metaphase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> An animal cell nucleus at the beginning of prophase.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> An animal cell undergoing equal cytokinesis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Two animal cells after unequal cytokinesis.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis in plant and animal cells.<br>Animal cells form a cleavage furrow (looks like a wasps waist) as they don't have cell walls.</p><p>The two daughter cells are the same size, so cytokinesis is equal.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p><span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"></span></span> Refresh this page to try a new set of 20 multiple choice questions. 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