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</div><h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Ethene belongs to the homologous series of the alkenes.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">A bromoalkane, \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\), reacts with a warm, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The time taken to produce a certain amount of product using different initial concentrations of \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\) and NaOH is measured. The results are shown in the following table.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-14_om_16.46.57.png" alt="M13/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/08.c"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Outline <strong>three </strong>features of a homologous series.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe a test to distinguish ethene from ethane, including what is observed in <strong>each </strong>case.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Bromoethane can be produced either from ethene or from ethane. State an equation for <strong>each </strong>reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the equation for the reaction of \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\) with NaOH.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Suggest what would happen to the pH of the solution as the reaction proceeds.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Deduce the effect of the concentration of \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\) and NaOH on the rate of reaction.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">C<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub>H<sub><span class="s1">9</span></sub>Br:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">NaOH:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Suggest why <strong>warm </strong>sodium hydroxide solution is used.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Deduce whether C<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub>H<sub><span class="s1">9</span></sub>Br is a primary or tertiary halogenoalkane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Determine the structural formula of C<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub>H<sub><span class="s1">9</span></sub>Br.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe, using an equation, how \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\) can be converted into \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}\).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain the mechanism for the reaction in (c) of \({{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}}{\text{Br}}\) with NaOH, using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Electrolysis is an important industrial process used to obtain very reactive elements from their common ores.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Molten magnesium chloride can be electrolysed using inert graphite electrodes at 800 °C.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe, using a labelled diagram, the essential components of this electrolytic cell.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p align="LEFT">Molten magnesium chloride can be electrolysed using inert graphite electrodes at 800 °C.</p>
<p>Deduce the half-equations, including state symbols, for the reactions occurring at each electrode. (The melting points of MgCl<sub>2</sub> and Mg are 714 °C and 649 °C respectively.)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Positive electrode (anode):</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Negative electrode (cathode):</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why solid magnesium chloride does not conduct electricity.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Aluminium can also be obtained by electrolysis. Suggest <strong>one </strong>reason why aluminium is often used instead of iron by engineers.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>