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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a group 2 metal which exists as a number of isotopes and forms many compounds.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium ions produce no emission or absorption lines in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Suggest why most magnesium compounds tested in a school laboratory show traces of yellow in the flame.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Explain the convergence of lines in a hydrogen emission spectrum.</p>
<p>(ii) State what can be determined from the frequency of the convergence limit.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed.</p>
<p>(i) Deduce the half-equations for the reactions at each electrode when <strong>molten</strong> magnesium chloride is electrolysed, showing the state symbols of the products. The melting points of magnesium and magnesium chloride are 922K and 987K respectively.</p>
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" alt></p>
<p>(ii) Identify the type of reaction occurring at the cathode (negative electrode).</p>
<p>(iii) State the products when a very <strong>dilute</strong> aqueous solution of magnesium chloride is electrolysed.</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Standard electrode potentials are measured relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. Describe a standard hydrogen electrode.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">j.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A magnesium half-cell, Mg(s)/Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq), can be connected to a copper half-cell, Cu(s)/Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq).</p>
<p>(i) Formulate an equation for the spontaneous reaction that occurs when the circuit is completed.</p>
<p>(ii) Determine the standard cell potential, in V, for the cell. Refer to section 24 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>(iii) Predict, giving a reason, the change in cell potential when the concentration of copper ions increases.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">k.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>&nbsp;</span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> <br>Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the mechanism of the reaction between chloroethane and aqueous sodium hydroxide, <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>NaOH</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math>, using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion.<br>Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and chemical shifts with splitting patterns in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR</span><span class="fontstyle0"> spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s produce chlorine radicals. Write two successive propagation steps to show how chlorine radicals catalyse the depletion of ozone.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of propanone and propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction</span></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Pb</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Ni</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Label the diagram with the species in the equation.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="576" height="239"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard cell potential, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></math>, for the cell at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>. Use section 24 of the data booklet</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard free energy change, </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle4"><strong>in</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="bold">kJ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">, for the cell using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest a metal that could replace nickel in a new half-cell and reverse the electron flow. Use section 25 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe the bonding in metals.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel alloys are used in aircraft gas turbines. Suggest a physical property altered by the addition of another metal to nickel.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>