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</div><h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>An ideal monatomic gas is kept in a container of volume 2.1 × 10<sup>–4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, temperature 310 K and pressure 5.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> Pa.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The volume of the gas in (a) is increased to 6.8 × 10<sup>–4</sup> m<sup>3</sup> at constant temperature.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by an ideal gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the number of atoms in the gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, in J, the internal energy of the gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, in Pa, the new pressure of the gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, in terms of molecular motion, this change in pressure.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A closed box of fixed volume 0.15 m<sup>3</sup> contains 3.0 mol of an ideal monatomic gas. The temperature of the gas is 290 K.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>When the gas is supplied with 0.86 kJ of energy, its temperature increases by 23 K. The specific heat capacity of the gas is 3.1 kJ kg<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the pressure of the gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, in kg, the mass of the gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the average kinetic energy of the particles of the gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, with reference to the kinetic model of an ideal gas, how an increase in temperature of the gas leads to an increase in pressure.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about thermal properties of matter.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, in terms of the energy of its molecules, why the temperature of a pure substance does not change during melting.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Three ice cubes at a temperature of 0°C are dropped into a container of water at a temperature of 22°C. The mass of each ice cube is 25 g and the mass of the water is 330 g. The ice melts, so that the temperature of the water decreases. The thermal capacity of the container is negligible.</p>
<p>The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Specific latent heat of fusion of ice \( = \) 3.3 \( \times \) 10<sup>5</sup>J kg<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Specific heat capacity of water \( = \) 4.2 \( \times \) 10<sup>3</sup> J kg<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>Calculate the final temperature of the water when all of the ice has melted. Assume that no thermal energy is exchanged between the water and the surroundings.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>This question is about internal energy.</p>
<p>(i) Mathilde raises the temperature of water in an electric kettle to boiling point. Once the water is boiling steadily, she measures the change in the mass of the kettle and its contents over a period of time.</p>
<p>The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Initial mass of kettle and water = 1.880 kg<br>Final mass of kettle and water = 1.580 kg<br>Time between mass measurements = 300 s<br>Power dissipation in the kettle = 2.5 kW</p>
<p>Determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of water.</p>
<p>(ii) Outline why your answer to (b)(i) is an overestimate of the specific latent heat of vaporization of water.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">This question is about energy.</p>
<p class="p1">At its melting temperature, molten zinc is poured into an iron mould. The molten zinc becomes a solid without changing temperature.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Outline why a given mass of molten zinc has a greater internal energy than the same mass of solid zinc at the same temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Molten zinc cools in an iron mould. </p>
<p class="p1">The temperature of the iron mould was 20° C before the molten zinc, at its melting temperature, was poured into it. The final temperature of the iron mould and the solidified zinc is 89° C.</p>
<p class="p1">The following data are available.</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mass of iron mould <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 12{\text{ kg}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mass of zinc <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 1.5{\text{ kg}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Specific heat capacity of iron <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 440{\text{ J}}\,{\text{k}}{{\text{g}}^{ - 1}}{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Specific latent heat of fusion of zinc <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 113{\text{ kJ}}\,{\text{k}}{{\text{g}}^{ - 1}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Melting temperature of zinc <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 420{\text{ }}^\circ {\text{C}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Using the data, determine the specific heat capacity of zinc.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">This question is in <strong>two </strong>parts. <strong>Part 1 </strong>is about energy resources. <strong>Part 2 </strong>is about thermal physics.</p>
<p class="p1"><strong>Part 1 </strong>Energy resources</p>
<p class="p1">Electricity can be generated using nuclear fission, by burning fossil fuels or using pump storage hydroelectric schemes.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">In a nuclear reactor, outline the purpose of the</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Fission of one uranium-235 nucleus releases 203 MeV.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">This question is in <strong>two </strong>parts. <strong>Part 1 </strong>is about energy resources. <strong>Part 2 </strong>is about thermal physics.</p>
<p class="p1"><strong>Part 2 </strong>Thermal physics</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">A mass of 0.22 kg of lead spheres is placed in a well-insulated tube. The tube is turned upside down several times so that the spheres fall through an average height of 0.45 m each time the tube is turned. The temperature of the spheres is found to increase by 8 °C.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-30_om_17.06.57.png" alt="N15/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/05.f"></p>
<p class="p1"> </p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Outline which of the three generation methods above is renewable.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">heat exchanger.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">moderator.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Determine the maximum amount of energy, in joule, released by 1.0 g of uranium-235 as a result of fission.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe the main principles of the operation of a pump storage hydroelectric scheme.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">A hydroelectric scheme has an efficiency of 92%. Water stored in the dam falls through an average height of 57 m. Determine the rate of flow of water, in \({\text{kg}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\), required to generate an electrical output power of 4.5 MW.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Distinguish between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Discuss the changes to the energy of the lead spheres.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The specific heat capacity of lead is \(1.3 \times {10^2}{\text{ J}}\,{\text{k}}{{\text{g}}^{ - 1}}{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}\)<span class="s1">. Deduce the number of times that the tube is turned upside down.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">This question is in <strong>two </strong>parts. <strong>Part 1 </strong>is about the motion of a ship. <strong>Part 2 </strong>is about melting ice.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1"><strong>Part 1</strong> Motion of a ship</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Some cargo ships use kites working together with the ship’s engines to move the vessel.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-02_om_08.36.14.png" alt="N14/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/04_Part1.04.b"></p>
<p class="p1">The tension in the cable that connects the kite to the ship is 250 kN. The kite is pulling the ship at an angle of 39° to the horizontal. The ship travels at a steady speed of \({\text{8.5 m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\) when the ship’s engines operate with a power output of 2.7 MW.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The ship’s engines are switched off and the ship comes to rest from a speed of \({\text{7 m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\) in a time of 650 s.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1"><strong>Part 2</strong> Melting ice</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">A container of negligible mass, isolated from its surroundings, contains 0.150 kg of ice at a temperature of –18.7 °C. An electric heater supplies energy at a rate of 125 W.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Outline the meaning of work.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Calculate the work done on the ship by the kite when the ship travels a distance of 1.0 km.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Show that, when the ship is travelling at a speed of \({\text{8.5 m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\), the kite provides about 40% of the total power required by the ship.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The kite is taken down and no longer produces a force on the ship. The resistive force \(F\) that opposes the motion of the ship is related to the speed \(v\)<em> </em>of the ship by</p>
<p class="p1">\[F = k{v^2}\]</p>
<p class="p1">where \(k\) is a constant.</p>
<p class="p1">Show that, if the power output of the engines remains at 2.7 MW, the speed of the ship will decrease to about \({\text{7 m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\). Assume that \(k\) is independent of whether the kite is in use or not.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Estimate the distance that the ship takes to stop. Assume that the acceleration is uniform.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">It is unlikely that the acceleration of the ship will be uniform given that the resistive force acting on the ship depends on the speed of the ship. Using the axes, sketch a graph to show how the speed \(v\) varies with time \(t\) after the ship’s engines are switched off.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-02_om_11.57.32.png" alt="N14/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/04.d.ii"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe, with reference to molecular behaviour, the process of melting ice.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">After a time interval of 45.0 s all of the ice has reached a temperature of 0 °C without any melting. Calculate the specific heat capacity of ice.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The following data are available.</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Specific heat capacity of water <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 4200{\text{ J}}\,{\text{k}}{{\text{g}}^{ - 1}}{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Specific latent heat of fusion of ice <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 3.30 \times {10^5}{\text{ J}}\,{\text{k}}{{\text{g}}^{ - 1}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">Determine the final temperature of the water when the heater supplies energy for a further 600 s.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The whole of the experiment in (f)(i) and (f)(ii) is repeated with a container of negligible mass that is not isolated from the surroundings. The temperature of the surroundings is 18 °C. Comment on the final temperature of the water in (f)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">This question is about the use of energy resources.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Electrical energy is obtained from tidal energy at La Rance in France.</p>
<p class="p1">Water flows into a river basin from the sea for six hours and then flows from the basin back to the sea for another six hours. The water flows through turbines and generates energy during both flows.</p>
<p class="p1">The following data are available.</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Area of river basin <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 22{\text{ k}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Change in water level of basin over six hours <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 6.0{\text{ m}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Density of water <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\( = 1000{\text{ kg}}\,{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Nuclear reactors are used to generate energy. In a particular nuclear reactor, neutrons collide elastically with carbon-12 nuclei \(\left( {_{\;{\text{6}}}^{{\text{12}}}{\text{C}}} \right)\) that act as the moderator of the reactor. A neutron with an initial speed of \(9.8 \times {10^6}{\text{ m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\) collides head-on with a stationary carbon-12 nucleus. Immediately after the collision the carbon-12 nucleus has a speed of \(1.5 \times {10^6}{\text{ m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\).</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The basin empties over a six hour period. Show that about \(6000{\text{ }}{{\text{m}}^3}\) of water flows through the turbines every second.</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Show that the average power that the water can supply over the six hour period is about 0.2 GW.</p>
<p class="p2">(iii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>La Rance tidal power station has an energy output of \(5.4 \times {10^8}{\text{ kW}}\,{\text{h}}\) per year. Calculate the overall efficiency of the power station. Assume that the water can supply 0.2 GW at all times.</p>
<p class="p2">Energy resources such as La Rance tidal power station could replace the use of</p>
<p class="p2">fossil fuels. This may result in an increase in the average albedo of Earth.</p>
<p class="p2">(iv) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>State <strong>two </strong>reasons why the albedo of Earth must be given as an average value.</p>
<div class="marks">[10]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>State the principle of conservation of momentum.</p>
<p class="p2">(ii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Show that the speed of the neutron immediately after the collision is about \(8.0 \times {10^6}{\text{ m}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}\).</p>
<p class="p2">(iii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Show that the fractional change in energy of the neutron as a result of the collision</p>
<p class="p2">is about 0.3.</p>
<p class="p1">(iv) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Estimate the minimum number of collisions required for the neutron to reduce its initial energy by a factor of \({10^6}\).</p>
<p class="p1">(v) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Outline why the reduction in energy is necessary for this type of reactor to function.</p>
<div class="marks">[10]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">This question is in <strong>two </strong>parts. <strong>Part 1 </strong>is about a lightning discharge. <strong>Part 2 </strong>is about fuel for heating.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1"><strong>Part 1 </strong>Lightning discharge</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The magnitude of the electric field strength \(E\) between two infinite charged parallel plates is given by the expression</p>
<p class="p1">\[E = \frac{\sigma }{{{\varepsilon _0}}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">where \(\sigma \) is the charge per unit area on one of the plates.</p>
<p class="p1">A thundercloud carries a charge of magnitude 35 C spread over its base. The area of the base is \(1.2 \times {10^7}{\text{ }}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}\).</p>
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<p class="p1"><strong>Part 2 </strong>Fuel for heating</p>
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<p class="p1">A room heater burns liquid fuel and the following data are available.</p>
<p class="p1">\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{\text{Density of liquid fuel}}}&{ = 8.0 \times {{10}^2}{\text{ kg}}\,{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}} \\ {{\text{Energy produced by 1 }}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}{\text{ of liquid fuel}}}&{ = 2.7 \times {{10}^{10}}{\text{ J}}} \\ {{\text{Rate at which fuel is consumed}}}&{ = 0.13{\text{ g}}\,{{\text{s}}^{ - 1}}} \\ {{\text{Latent heat of vaporization of the fuel}}}&{ = 290{\text{ kJ}}\,{\text{k}}{{\text{g}}^{ - 1}}} \end{array}\]</p>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Define <em>electric field strength</em>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">Part1.a.</div>
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<p class="p1">A thundercloud can be modelled as a negatively charged plate that is parallel to the ground.</p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-11-10_om_07.24.35.png" alt="N10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/B2.Part1.b"></p>
<p class="p1">The magnitude of the charge on the plate increases due to processes in the atmosphere. Eventually a current discharges from the thundercloud to the ground.</p>
<p class="p1">On the diagram, draw the electric field pattern between the thundercloud base and the ground.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">Part1.b.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Determine the magnitude of the electric field between the base of the thundercloud and the ground.</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>State <strong>two </strong>assumptions made in (c)(i).</p>
<p class="p1">1.</p>
<p class="p1">2.</p>
<p class="p1">(iii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When the thundercloud discharges, the average discharge current is 1.8 kA. Estimate the discharge time.</p>
<p class="p1">(iv) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The potential difference between the thundercloud and the ground before discharge is \(2.5 \times {10^8}{\text{ V}}\). Determine the energy released in the discharge.</p>
<div class="marks">[12]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">Part1.c.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Define the <em>energy density </em>of a fuel.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">Part2.a.</div>
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<p class="p1">(i) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Use the data to calculate the power output of the room heater, ignoring the power required to convert the liquid fuel into a gas.</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Show why, in your calculation in (b)(i), the power required to convert the liquid fuel into a gas at its boiling point can be ignored.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">Part2.b.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State, in terms of molecular structure and their motion, <strong>two </strong>differences between a liquid and a gas.</p>
<p class="p1">1.</p>
<p class="p1">2.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">Part2.c.</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><strong>Part 2</strong> Melting of the Pobeda ice island</p>
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<p>The Pobeda ice island forms regularly when icebergs run aground near the Antarctic ice shelf. The “island”, which consists of a slab of pure ice, breaks apart and melts over a period of decades. The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Typical dimensions of surface of island = 70 km × 35 km<br>Typical height of island = 240 m<br>Average temperature of the island = –35°C<br>Density of sea ice = 920 kg m<sup>–3</sup><br>Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3×10<sup>5</sup>J kg<sup>–1</sup><br>Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.1×10\(^3\)J kg<sup>–1</sup>K<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>(i) Distinguish, with reference to molecular motion and energy, between solid ice and liquid water.</p>
<p>(ii) Show that the energy required to melt the island to form water at 0°C is about 2×10<sup>20</sup>J. Assume that the top and bottom surfaces of the island are flat and that it has vertical sides.</p>
<p>(iii) The Sun supplies thermal energy at an average rate of 450 W m<sup>–2</sup> to the surface of the island. The albedo of melting ice is 0.80. Determine an estimate of the time taken to melt the island assuming that the melted water is removed immediately and that no heat is lost to the surroundings.</p>
<div class="marks">[8]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest the likely effect on the average albedo of the region in which the island was floating as a result of the melting of the Pobeda ice island.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<p>In an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of fusion of ice, an ice cube is dropped into water that is contained in a well-insulated calorimeter of negligible specific heat capacity. The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Mass of ice cube = 25g<br>Mass of water = 350g<br>Initial temperature of ice cube = 0˚C<br>Initial temperature of water = 18˚C<br>Final temperature of water = 12˚C<br>Specific heat capacity of water = 4200Jkg<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup></p>
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<p>Using the data, estimate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<p>The experiment is repeated using the same mass of crushed ice.</p>
<p>Suggest the effect, if any, of crushing the ice on</p>
<p>(i) the final temperature of the water.</p>
<p>(ii) the time it takes the water to reach its final temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><strong>Part 2</strong> Internal energy</p>
<p>Humans generate internal energy when moving, while their core temperature remains approximately constant.</p>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Distinguish between the concepts of internal energy and temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<p>An athlete loses 1.8 kg of water from her body through sweating during a training session that lasts one hour.</p>
<p>Estimate the rate of energy loss by the athlete due to sweating. The specific latent heat of evaporation of water is 2.3×10<sup>6 </sup>J kg<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is in <strong>two</strong> parts. <strong>Part 1</strong> is about ideal gases and specific heat capacity. <strong>Part 2</strong> is about simple harmonic motion and waves.</p>
<p><strong>Part 1</strong> Ideal gases and specific heat capacity</p>
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<p>State <strong>two</strong> assumptions of the kinetic model of an ideal gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<p>Argon behaves as an ideal gas for a large range of temperatures and pressures. One mole of argon is confined in a cylinder by a freely moving piston.</p>
<p>(i) Define what is meant by the term <em>one mole of argon</em>.</p>
<p>(ii) The temperature of the argon is 300 K. The piston is fixed and the argon is heated at constant volume such that its internal energy increases by 620 J. The temperature of the argon is now 350 K.</p>
<p>Determine the specific heat capacity of argon in J kg<sup>–1 </sup>K<sup>–1</sup> under the condition of constant volume. (The molecular weight of argon is 40)</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>At the temperature of 350 K, the piston in (b) is now freed and the argon expands until its temperature reaches 300 K.</p>
<p>Explain, in terms of the molecular model of an ideal gas, why the temperature of argon decreases on expansion.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
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<p>This question is about thermal energy transfer.</p>
<p>A hot piece of iron is placed into a container of cold water. After a time the iron and water reach thermal equilibrium. The heat capacity of the container is negligible.</p>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Define <em>specific heat capacity.</em></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Mass of water = 0.35 kg<br>Mass of iron = 0.58 kg<br>Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg<sup>–1</sup>K<sup>–1</sup><br>Initial temperature of water = 20°C<br>Final temperature of water = 44°C<br>Initial temperature of iron = 180°C</p>
<p>(i) Determine the specific heat capacity of iron.</p>
<p>(ii) Explain why the value calculated in (b)(i) is likely to be different from the accepted value.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Define <em>internal energy.</em></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>0.46 mole of an ideal monatomic gas is trapped in a cylinder. The gas has a volume of 21 m<sup>3</sup> and a pressure of 1.4 Pa.</p>
<p>(i) State how the internal energy of an ideal gas differs from that of a real gas.</p>
<p>(ii) Determine, in kelvin, the temperature of the gas in the cylinder.</p>
<p>(iii) The kinetic theory of ideal gases is one example of a scientific model. Identify <strong>one</strong> reason why scientists find such models useful.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<p><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">This question is about internal energy and thermal energy (heat). </span></p>
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<p>Distinguish between internal energy and thermal energy.</p>
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<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<p>Describe, with reference to the energy of the molecules, the difference in internal energy of a piece of iron and the internal energy of an ideal gas.</p>
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<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<p>A piece of iron is placed in a kiln until it reaches the temperature <em>θ</em> of the kiln. The iron is then quickly transferred to water held in a thermally insulated container. The water is stirred until it reaches a steady temperature. The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">Thermal capacity of the piece of iron = 60JK<sup>–1<br></sup>Thermal capacity of the water = 2.0×10<sup>3</sup>JK<sup>–1<br></sup>Initial temperature of the water = 16°C<br>Final temperature of the water = 45°C</p>
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<p>The thermal capacity of the container and insulation is negligible.</p>
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<div class="column">(i) State an expression, in terms of <em>θ</em> and the above data, for the energy transfer of the iron in cooling from the temperature of the kiln to the final temperature of the water.</div>
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<div class="column">(ii) Calculate the increase in internal energy of the water as the iron cools in the water.</div>
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<div class="column">(iii) Use your answers to (c)(i) and (c)(ii) to determine <em>θ</em>.</div>
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<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><strong>Part 2</strong> Thermal concepts</p>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Distinguish between internal energy and thermal energy (heat).</p>
<p>Internal energy:</p>
<p>Thermal energy:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A 300 W immersion heater is placed in a beaker containing 0.25 kg of water at a temperature of 18°C. The heater is switched on for 120 s, after which time the temperature of the water is 45°C. The thermal capacity of the beaker is negligible and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×10<sup>3</sup>J kg<sup>–1</sup>K<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
<p>(i) Estimate the change in internal energy of the water.</p>
<p>(ii) Determine the rate at which thermal energy is transferred from the water to the surroundings during the time that the heater is switched on.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The water in (b) is further heated until it starts to boil at constant temperature. It is boiled for 500s measured from the time that it first starts to boil. The mass of water remaining after this time is 0.20kg.</p>
<p>(i) Estimate, using the answer to (b)(ii), the specific latent heat of vaporization of the water.</p>
<p>(ii) Explain, in terms of the energy of the molecules of the water, why the water boils at constant temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The diagram below shows part of a downhill ski course which starts at point A, 50 m above level ground. Point B is 20 m above level ground.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>A skier of mass 65 kg starts from rest at point A and during the ski course some of the gravitational potential energy transferred to kinetic energy.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>At the side of the course flexible safety nets are used. Another skier of mass 76 kg falls normally into the safety net with speed 9.6 m s<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>From A to B, 24 % of the gravitational potential energy transferred to kinetic energy. Show that the velocity at B is 12 m s<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some of the gravitational potential energy transferred into internal energy of the skis, slightly increasing their temperature. Distinguish between internal energy and temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The dot on the following diagram represents the skier as she passes point B.<br>Draw and label the vertical forces acting on the skier.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The hill at point B has a circular shape with a radius of 20 m. Determine whether the skier will lose contact with the ground at point B.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The skier reaches point C with a speed of 8.2 m s<sup>–1</sup>. She stops after a distance of 24 m at point D.</p>
<p>Determine the coefficient of dynamic friction between the base of the skis and the snow. Assume that the frictional force is constant and that air resistance can be neglected.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the impulse required from the net to stop the skier and state an appropriate unit for your answer.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, with reference to change in momentum, why a flexible safety net is less likely to harm the skier than a rigid barrier.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The first scientists to identify alpha particles by a direct method were Rutherford and Royds. They knew that radium-226 (\({}_{86}^{226}{\text{Ra}}\)) decays by alpha emission to form a nuclide known as radon (Rn).</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write down the missing values in the nuclear equation for this decay.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Rutherford and Royds put some pure radium-226 in a small closed cylinder A. Cylinder A is fixed in the centre of a larger closed cylinder B.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>At the start of the experiment all the air was removed from cylinder B. The alpha particles combined with electrons as they moved through the wall of cylinder A to form helium gas in cylinder B.</p>
<p>The wall of cylinder A is made from glass. Outline why this glass wall had to be very thin.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Rutherford and Royds expected 2.7 x 10<sup>15</sup> alpha particles to be emitted during the experiment. The experiment was carried out at a temperature of 18 °C. The volume of cylinder B was 1.3 x 10<sup>–5</sup> m<sup>3</sup> and the volume of cylinder A was negligible. Calculate the pressure of the helium gas that was collected in cylinder B.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Rutherford and Royds identified the helium gas in cylinder B by observing its emission spectrum. Outline, with reference to atomic energy levels, how an emission spectrum is formed.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The work was first reported in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Outline why Rutherford and Royds chose to publish their work in this way.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A large cube is formed from ice. A light ray is incident from a vacuum at an angle of 46˚ to the normal on one surface of the cube. The light ray is parallel to the plane of one of the sides of the cube. The angle of refraction inside the cube is 33˚.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Each side of the ice cube is 0.75 m in length. The initial temperature of the ice cube is –20 °C.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the speed of light inside the ice cube.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that no light emerges from side AB.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch, on the diagram, the subsequent path of the light ray.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the energy required to melt all of the ice from –20 °C to water at a temperature of 0 °C.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 120px;">Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 330 kJ kg<sup>–1</sup><br>Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.1 kJ kg<sup>–1</sup> k<sup>–1</sup><br>Density of ice = 920 kg m<sup>–3</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the difference between the molecular structure of a solid and a liquid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is in <strong>two</strong> parts. <strong>Part 1</strong> is about mechanics and thermal physics. <strong>Part 2</strong> is about nuclear physics.</p>
<p><strong>Part 1</strong> Mechanics and thermal physics</p>
<p>The graph shows the variation with time <em>t</em> of the speed <em>v</em> of a ball of mass 0.50 kg, that has been released from rest above the Earth’s surface.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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" alt></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The force of air resistance is <strong>not</strong> negligible. Assume that the acceleration of free fall is <em>g</em> = 9.81ms<sup>−2</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, without any calculations, how the graph could be used to determine the distance fallen.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) In the space below, draw and label arrows to represent the forces on the ball at 2.0 s.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">(ii) Use the graph opposite to show that the acceleration of the ball at 2.0 s is approximately 4 ms<sup>−2</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">(iii) Calculate the magnitude of the force of air resistance on the ball at 2.0 s.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">(iv) State and explain whether the air resistance on the ball at <em>t</em> = 5.0 s is smaller than, equal to <strong>or</strong> greater than the air resistance at <em>t</em> = 2.0 s.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<div class="marks">[7]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>After 10 s the ball has fallen 190 m.</p>
<p>(i) Show that the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of the ball has decreased by 780 J.</p>
<p>(ii) The specific heat capacity of the ball is 480 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>. Estimate the increase in the temperature of the ball.</p>
<p>(iii) State an assumption made in the estimate in (c)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is in <strong>two</strong> parts. <strong>Part 1</strong> is about electric fields and radioactive decay. <strong>Part 2</strong> is about change of phase.</p>
<p><strong>Part 1</strong> Electric fields and radioactive decay</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><strong>Part 2</strong> Change of phase</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Define <em>electric field strength</em>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A simple model of the proton is that of a sphere of radius 1.0×10<sup>–15</sup>m with charge concentrated at the centre of the sphere. Estimate the magnitude of the field strength at the surface of the proton.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Protons travelling with a speed of 3.9×10<sup>6</sup>ms<sup>–1</sup> enter the region between two charged parallel plates X and Y. Plate X is positively charged and plate Y is connected to earth.</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
<p>A uniform magnetic field also exists in the region between the plates. The direction of the field is such that the protons pass between the plates without deflection.</p>
<p>(i) State the direction of the magnetic field.</p>
<p>(ii) The magnitude of the magnetic field strength is 2.3×10<sup>–4</sup>T. Determine the magnitude of the electric field strength between the plates, stating an appropriate unit for your answer.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Protons can be produced by the bombardment of nitrogen-14 nuclei with alpha particles. The nuclear reaction equation for this process is given below.</p>
<p>\[{}_7^{14}{\rm{N}} + {}_2^4{\rm{He}} \to {\rm{X}} + {}_1^1{\rm{H}}\]</p>
<p>Identify the proton number and nucleon number for the nucleus X.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The following data are available for the reaction in (d).</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Rest mass of nitrogen-14 nucleus =14.0031 u<br>Rest mass of alpha particle =4.0026 u<br>Rest mass of X nucleus =16.9991 u<br>Rest mass of proton =1.0073 u</p>
<p>Show that the minimum kinetic energy that the alpha particle must have in order for the reaction to take place is about 0.7 Me V.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A nucleus of another isotope of the element X in (d) decays with a half-life \({T_{\frac{1}{2}}}\) to a nucleus of an isotope of fluorine-19 (F-19).</p>
<p>(i) Define the terms <em>isotope</em> and <em>half-life</em>.</p>
<p>(ii) Using the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the number of atoms <em>N</em> in a sample of X varies with time <em>t</em>, from <em>t</em>=0 to \(t = 3{T_{\frac{1}{2}}}\). There are <em>N</em><sub>0</sub> atoms in the sample at <em>t</em>=0.</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Water at constant pressure boils at constant temperature. Outline, in terms of the energy of the molecules, the reason for this.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>In an experiment to measure the specific latent heat of vaporization of water, steam at 100°C was passed into water in an insulated container. The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Initial mass of water in container = 0.300kg<br>Final mass of water in container = 0.312kg<br>Initial temperature of water in container = 15.2°C<br>Final temperature of water in container = 34.6°C<br>Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18×10<sup>3</sup>Jkg<sup>–1</sup>K<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>Show that the data give a value of about 1.8×10<sup>6</sup>Jkg<sup>–1</sup> for the specific latent heat of vaporization <em>L</em> of water.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why, other than measurement or calculation error, the accepted value of <em>L</em> is greater than that given in (h).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is in <strong>two</strong> parts. <strong>Part 1</strong> is about nuclear reactions. <strong>Part 2</strong> is about thermal energy transfer.</p>
<p><strong>Part 1</strong> Nuclear reactions</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><strong>Part 2</strong> Thermal energy transfer</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Define the term <em>unified atomic mass unit.</em></p>
<p>(ii) The mass of a nucleus of einsteinium-255 is 255.09 u. Calculate the mass in MeVc<sup>–2</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>When particle X collides with a stationary nucleus of calcium-40 (Ca-40), a nucleus of potassium (K-40) and a proton are produced.</p>
<p>\[{}_{20}^{40}{\rm{Ca + X}} \to {}_{19}^{40}{\rm{K + }}{}_1^1{\rm{p}}\]</p>
<p>The following data are available for the reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>(i) Identify particle X.</p>
<p>(ii) Suggest why this reaction can only occur if the initial kinetic energy of particle X is greater than a minimum value.</p>
<p>(iii) Before the reaction occurs, particle X has kinetic energy 8.326 MeV. Determine the total combined kinetic energy of the potassium nucleus and the proton.</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Potassium-38 decays with a half-life of eight minutes.</p>
<p>(i) Define the term <em>radioactive half-life</em>.</p>
<p>(ii) A sample of potassium-38 has an initial activity of 24×10<sup>12</sup>Bq. On the axes below, draw a graph to show the variation with time of the activity of the sample.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>(iii) Determine the activity of the sample after 2 hours.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Define the <em>specific latent heat</em> of fusion of a substance.</p>
<p>(ii) Explain, in terms of the molecular model of matter, the relative magnitudes of the specific latent heat of vaporization of water and the specific latent heat of fusion of water.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A piece of ice is placed into a beaker of water and melts completely.</p>
<p>The following data are available.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Initial mass of ice = 0.020 kg<br>Initial mass of water = 0.25 kg<br>Initial temperature of ice = 0°C<br>Initial temperature of water = 80°C<br>Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3×10<sup>5</sup>J kg<sup>–1</sup><br>Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg<sup>–1</sup>K<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>(i) Determine the final temperature of the water.</p>
<p>(ii) State <strong>two</strong> assumptions that you made in your answer to part (f)(i).</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>