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hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Force on a current-carrying conductor <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="348" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../physics.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../445/electricity-and-magnetism.html">Electricity and magnetism</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../345/magnetic-fields.html">Magnetic fields</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Force on a current-carrying conductor</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 20 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 20'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p><img alt="" src="../../electricity/19-motor-sm.jpg" style="float: left; width: 250px; height: 165px;">A current-carrying conductor (i.e. any wire within a complete circuit) experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field due to its own magnetism. This is called the <em>motor effect</em>.</p> <p>We use <em>Fleming's left hand rule</em> to find out the correct direction of force.</p> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <div class="panel panel-turquoise panel-has-colored-body"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Key Concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Fleming's left hand rule</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Fleming's left hand rule reminds us that the magnetic field direction, conventional current direction and force produced must be perpendicular. It can be used for working out the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/172271200"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-turquoise panel-expandable"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Flux density</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Flux density is the magnetic equivalent of field strength, but is defined in terms of the force on a conductor not the force on a magnet.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/172372965"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-turquoise panel-expandable"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Definition of the ampere</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>The ampere (A) is the fundamental unit of current in electricity. It is defined in terms of the force between two parallel wires.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/172271448"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Rotating coil</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>If a coil of wire has an axle running through it to enable rotation, and the coil of wire is in a plane parallel to the magnetic field, then you will have the basis of a continuous electric motor.</p> <p>The force on each side is in the opposite direction so the coil rotates.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/172275951"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-yellow panel-expandable"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Non-perpendicular fields</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>An exam question will not necessarily always have the magnetic field perfectly at right angles to the current. In these cases, use <span class="math-tex">\(\sin \theta\)</span> to find the component that is.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/172281723"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test Yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><i>Use quizzes to practise application of theory.</i></p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#5cec5c31"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="5cec5c31"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> Current carrying conductors in B fields <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="6-103-348" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows a conductor in a magnetic field</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi11.jpg" style="width: 310px; height: 173px;"></p><p>The direction of the force experienced by the wire is</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> up</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> out</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> in</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> down</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>FLHR</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows a conductor in a magnetic field</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi12.jpg" style="width: 173px; height: 310px;"></p><p>The direction of the force is</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> left</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> in</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> out</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> right</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>FLHR</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This diagram represents a wire next to a magnet</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi13.jpg" style="width: 244px; height: 43px;"></p><p>The direction of the force experienced by the wire will be</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> right</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> up</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> down</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> left</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The B field goes from N to S, then FLHR</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram represents a wire in a circular B field</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi14.jpg" style="width: 254px; height: 243px;"></p><p>The direction of force on the wire will be.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> down</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> left</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> right</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> up</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The direction of field is at a tangent to the circle (up), then FLHR</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows a current carrying conductor close to a magnet</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi15.jpg" style="width: 202px; height: 112px;"></p><p>The direction of the force on the magnet is:</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> there is no force</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> down</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> up</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> right</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>B field goes from N to South so to the right. FLHR gives force on wire up so force on magnet is down (Newt 3)</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A 20 cm long conductor is situated in a perpendicular magnetic field of flux density 5 mT. If the current flowing through the conductor is 3 A the force experienced will be.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 0.003 N</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 3 N</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0.03 N</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 300 N</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>20 cm = 0.2 N<br>5 mT = 0.005 T<br>F = BIL</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A conductor experience a force of 0.02 N per meter in a 5 mT perpendicular field. The current flowing through the conductor is.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 4 mA</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> 25 A</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> 0.004 A</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> 4 A</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>I = F/BL = (F/l) /B</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Two wires are arranged perpendicular to each other as shown.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="141" src="../../mc-images/bi17.jpg" width="204"></p><p>The direction of the force on the top wire will be:</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> up</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> down</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> zero</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> right</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The field due to the lower wire will be parallel to the top one so, no force</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Two parallel current carrying conductors are placed next to each other as shown.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="82" src="../../mc-images/bi18.jpg" width="245"></p><p>The direction of the B field cutting the red wire is</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> up</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> down</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> into the page</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> out of the page</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Use the grip rule on the blue one. The field experienced by the red one is at a tangent to the circle.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A current flows clockwise around a rigid square coil of wire placed in a magnetic field as shown.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi19.jpg" style="width: 298px; height: 163px;"></p><p>The wire will</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> move left</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> move into the page</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> do nothing</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> rotate</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Each side will experience a force outwards from the centre. These will be balanced</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A red current carrying conductor is placed in a B field as shown. An identical blue conductor carrying the same current is placed above it.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../mc-images/bi20.jpg" style="width: 351px; height: 331px;"></p><p>If the force experience by the red one is F the the force experienced by the blue one will be</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> F sin A</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> F cos A</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> F</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>F = BIL cos (angle between normal and field)</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div 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