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<h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The equations show steps in the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere, some of which absorb ultraviolet light.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>Step 1 O<sub>2</sub> → 2O•</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 2 O• + O<sub>2</sub> → O<sub>3</sub></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 3 O<sub>3</sub> → O• + O<sub>2</sub></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 4 O• + O<sub>3</sub> → 2O<sub>2</sub></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the Lewis structures of oxygen, O<sub>2</sub>, and ozone, O<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why both bonds in the ozone molecule are the same length and predict the bond length in the ozone molecule. Refer to section 10 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Reason: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Length:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Discuss how the different bond strengths between the oxygen atoms in O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in the ozone layer affect radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Bromine can form the bromate(V) ion, BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the orbital diagram of the <strong>valence shell</strong> of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure for BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> that obeys the octet rule.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, using the VSEPR theory, the geometry of the BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ion and the O−Br−O bond angles.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromate(V) ions act as oxidizing agents in acidic conditions to form bromide ions.</p>
<p>Deduce the half-equation for this reduction reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromate(V) ions oxidize iron(II) ions, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, to iron(III) ions, Fe<sup>3+</sup>.</p>
<p>Deduce the equation for this redox reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Titanium is a transition metal.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>TiCl<sub>4</sub> reacts with water and the resulting titanium(IV) oxide can be used as a smoke screen.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the bonding in metals.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Titanium exists as several isotopes. The mass spectrum of a sample of titanium gave the following data:</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>Calculate the relative atomic mass of titanium to two decimal places.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{22}^{48}{\text{Ti}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>22</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>48</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>Ti</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span> atom.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the full electron configuration of the <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{22}^{48}{\text{Ti}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>22</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>48</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>Ti</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span><sup>2+</sup> ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why an aluminium-titanium alloy is harder than pure aluminium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of bonding in potassium chloride which melts at 1043 K.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A chloride of titanium, TiCl<sub>4</sub>, melts at 248 K. Suggest why the melting point is so much lower than that of KCl.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate an equation for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> disadvantage of using this smoke in an enclosed space.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Fast moving helium nuclei (<sup>4</sup>He<sup>2+</sup>) were fired at a thin piece of gold foil with most passing undeflected but a few deviating largely from their path. The diagram illustrates this historic experiment.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Figure from PPLATO / FLAP (Flexible Learning Approach To Physics), http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/pplato2/h-flap/</em><br><em>phys8_1.html#top 1996 The Open University and The University of Reading.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest what can be concluded about the gold atom from this experiment.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Subsequent experiments showed electrons existing in energy levels occupying various orbital shapes.</p>
<p>Sketch diagrams of 1s, 2s and 2p.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the electron configuration of copper.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Electrons are arranged in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The diagram represents possible electron energy levels in a hydrogen atom.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the first ionization energy of calcium is greater than that of potassium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>All models have limitations. Suggest <strong>two</strong> limitations to this model of the electron energy levels.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw an arrow, labelled <strong>X</strong>, to represent the electron transition for the ionization of a hydrogen atom in the ground state.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw an arrow, labelled <strong>Z</strong>, to represent the lowest energy electron transition in the visible spectrum.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Iron may be extracted from iron (II) sulfide, FeS.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iron (II) sulfide, FeS, is ionically bonded.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The first step in the extraction of iron from iron (II) sulfide is to roast it in air to form iron (III) oxide and sulfur dioxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why metals, like iron, can conduct electricity.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving <strong>two</strong> of its chemical properties.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the bonding in this type of solid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, in terms of their electronic structures, why the ionic radius of the sulfide ion is greater than that of the oxide ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why chemists find it convenient to classify bonding into ionic, covalent and metallic.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the change in the oxidation state of sulfur.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why this process might raise environmental concerns.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the addition of small amounts of carbon to iron makes the metal harder.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Calcium carbide, CaC<sub>2</sub>, is an ionic solid.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the nature of ionic bonding.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the electron configuration of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two </strong>reasons why solid calcium has a greater density than solid potassium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why solid calcium is a good conductor of electricity.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calcium carbide reacts with water to form ethyne and calcium hydroxide.</p>
<p>CaC<sub>2</sub>(s) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>(aq)</p>
<p>Estimate the pH of the resultant solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnetite, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, is another ore of iron that contains both Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iron exists as several isotopes.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>In acidic solution, hydrogen peroxide, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, will oxidize Fe<sup>2+</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Fe<sup>2+</sup> (aq) → Fe<sup>3+</sup> (aq) + e<sup>−</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the ratio of Fe<sup>2+</sup>:Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.</p>
<p><img 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" width="502" height="151"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Iron has a relatively small specific heat capacity; the temperature of a 50 g sample rises by 44.4°C when it absorbs 1 kJ of heat energy.</p>
<p>Determine the specific heat capacity of iron, in J g<sup>−1 </sup>K<sup>−1</sup>. Use section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the half-equation for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water in acidic solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce a balanced equation for the oxidation of Fe2+ by acidified hydrogen peroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">This question is about iron.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the nuclear symbol notation, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Z</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>A</mtext>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>X</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span>, for iron-54.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Mass spectrometry analysis of a sample of iron gave the following results:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="190" height="136"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the relative atomic mass, A<sub>r</sub>, of this sample of iron to two decimal places.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An iron nail and a copper nail are inserted into a lemon.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="312" height="204"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why a potential is detected when the nails are connected through a voltmeter.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The properties of elements can be predicted from their position in the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why Si has a smaller atomic radius than Al.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the decrease in radius from Na to Na<sup>+</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3<sup>+</sup>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="768" height="190"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe metallic bonding and how it contributes to electrical conductivity.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure and molecular geometry of sulfur dichloride, SCl<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p><img 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CBAgAABAgQeE+hqJE3bY5auIkDgSYEuIT05pMsJECBAgAABAocX6GokTdvht9UCCBxToEtIx1yJqAkQIECAAAEC2wl0NZKmbTtfIxEg8A2BLiF943KnEiBAgAABAgROKdDVSJq2U261RRGYX6BLSPNHLUICBAgQIECAwGsFuhpJ0/Zac6MTILAg0CWkhVO9TIAAAQIECBC4jEBXI2naLrP9FkpgLoEuIc0VoWgIECBAgAABAu8X6GokTdv798GMBAh8fHx0CQkMAQIECBAgQODqAl2NpGm7+l1h/QR2EugS0k6hmJYAAQIECBAgMI1AVyNp2qbZHoEQuJZAl5CuJWC1BAgQIECAAIGvAl2NpGn76uQVAgTeINAlpDdMawoCBAgQIECAwNQCXY2kaZt6ywRH4LwCXUI672qtjAABAgQIECCwTqCrkTRt6+ycRYDAxgJdQtp4CsMRIECAAAECBA4n0NVImrbDbaOACZxDoEtI51iZVRAgQIAAAQIEHhfoaiRN2+OeriRA4AmBLiE9MZxLCRAgQIAAAQKnEOhqJE3bKbbWIggcT6BLSMdbhYgJECBAgAABAtsKdDWSpm1bY6MRILBSoEtIKy91GgECBAgQIEDgtAJdjaRpO+12WxiBuQW6hDR3xKIjQIAAAQIECLxeoKuRNG2vdzcDAQKNQJeQmtO8RIAAAQIECBC4lEBXI2naLnULWCyBeQS6hDRPdCIhQIAAAQIECOwj0NVImrZ99sKsBC4v0CWky6MAIECAAAECBC4v0NVImrbL3xYACOwj0CWkfSIxKwECBAgQIEBgHoGuRtK0zbM/IiFwKYEuIV0KwGIJECBAgAABAo1AVyNp2hooLxEg8HqBLiG9flYzECBAgAABAgTmFuhqJE3b3HsmOgKnFegS0mkXa2EECBAgQIAAgZUCXY2kaVuJ5zQCBLYV6BLStjMYjQABAgQIECBwPIGuRtK0HW8fRUzgFAJdQjrFwiyCAAECBAgQIPCEQFcjadqeAHUpAQKPC3QJ6fHRXEmAAAECBAgQOIdAVyNp2s6xt1ZB4HACXUI63CIETIAAAQIECBDYWKCrkTRtGyMbjgCBdQJdQlp3pbMIECBAgAABAucV6Gqkp5u2X/zi5x8x8O9//7tDy/3www//Wkes5c9//t/p1/LXv/7lkOY//vjjv+L++9//Nr2xAF8r0CWk185odAIECBAgQIDA/AJdjaRp+799O1LTFg1ybOavf/2r+e+6EmE11rQVmIs+7RLSRSksmwABAgQIECDwk0BXI2nafuI5zpNo1o7YtEWjFnHHl6btOPfbqyLtEtKr5jIuAQIECBAgQOAoAl2NpGk7yu6VODVtBcPTwwp0CemwixE4AQIECBAgQGAjga5G0rRthPvOYTRt79Q216sEuoT0qrmMS4AAAQIECBA4ikBXI03TtP3pT//z8ctf/vdPvz4Xwcbf3Rp/jS7+IYt4L77imqXjj3/8w8dvf/ubpbc//vnPf/w0Tvxdq/r3rbp/iCTej/ly7nyMGOMfBXn0iLmyCcsx4x93iblirfXo5s9r0inHinPjtWoaz+OI18fr6jz5fM0/MhPz5Hk5ZtiHVz3yvfEx4s0jY6+v5Xv5GF45Rp2jrinOjRjyvHgc9yjOH89J95zL42sFYl8cBAgQIECAAAECnwW6Gmn3pi0K77Hor8V2PI/iuh7RjMXrt5qyGPNnP/uvL41PjpMFezYIEUfOOzZttSHIc8bHR/71zGxSxrHy+4g/mss8vtO0pVGOFY+51rqeeL505L50a4u4Ir46/vi8jj2+l99nTBFDetTXxtjWNG3d2msstxwjrlh3dR9j8P02AmHtIECAAAECBAgQ+CzQ1Ui7Nm3xSVI2BvFYm6X8p+GzuI9CO4/41CRfHz+NinPqp2jjJyw5Rs6bc95q2vLceKzFf1xTG4QcK+e49Vibj7EpiveyIYo5x+NWc5PvhU+MkfGGST6Px/TL18Y54vtc9xhfrDvji3HGvcn34jHOzePevBn7s01bxFQb+hpfbdhiXTW+uFdyzfHY3Vu5Fo/PC8Q+OQgQIECAAAECBD4LdDXSrk1bFM0RVBTItXiuYdciu56TjUHXKOWnaHFOLd5z3Gwe4v0szGPsiCW+6ph5brx+rwHs5so5x8dsUPJXFsf3a1M3fuqT13bNTb43rqOOX9cUz5eObGDGpi33bcmkjl8/Ja2vd/Nm7N26MsbqUu+HOnbE3R11j2sjV8+N+2Fp3fU8z58XiPvHQYAAAQIECBAg8Fmgq5F2bdpuNV419DyvFtrZmHWNUhTd8Xp81cYsx8xrazNSC/qlpq2+nmM9+pgNylKDcWvcvLZrbvK92OxsSMexaoPTNU95/lLzkvux1HDG9fl36er67s2bsXfrypjWNG21Uczr4jH/AKDGVN/P53lerNPxOoEuIb1uNiMTIECAAAECBI4h0NVIuzVt9VcY6ycmHWU0XxF8bdDy+rEpy9ej8M7ie/yELJuO+gnWUtMWjU+eHzFEo7dF85axxZjRRMT39xzS5lZzk+/dajjuNU85T9e0pW/EHTF/57g3b8b+bNO2FFfeR7VZ7+Kva6z3SHeu1x4XiHvIQYAAAQIECBAg8Fmgq5F2a9rqJyYR2Jqv8ZOd/DSnNmX5KVo0QNkk1GYvXxvHWmragnAp1mguokFY+kTrM//n7+KajH9ce4xZ1/T5ytv/YEc2Prc+TUqDmDeeLx1d0xZxZbzfbV7vzZuxP9u0LcWV68n41zze2oclN6+vEwh/BwECBAgQIECAwGeBrkY6VNM2NiLR3MSi6icncU5tyOITp/jKxirOjWvGT2NuNW3BGA1HXhvXj1/RaKz9pKxuS8Rxq5noGpBbzU2+N1rVOe81T3luxlV9awPbxZbXdo/35s3Y43HpqPNX7zr2Uly5nnHvbn2/NNZSfF5fLxDuDgIECBAgQIAAgc8CXY00RdOWDdXncO9/F9fFovJXAfPX2urfacpGKz8xiXPjmnHOe01bjSYK+Wi2cqwYL76iKRjHrdfdeh7zx5j5K3w5ZjyODeat5ibfe1XTdoZP2ur9cWtPvPdagbi3HQQIECBAgAABAp8Fuhppt6atfjLyzN8byiYnxshfjYyx88gmI86rz/P9fPxO05bXxGNclzF0DVY99zvPozHMpjCb0rw+G7PuE6l8b23Tls1sjl0fc/76SVs2xvfWGo1mnBNfuR91z/O1Ol/GXj8pre/H8zpu2OdRx176dCzHj/1y7C8Q94aDAAECBAgQIEDgs0BXI+3WtOWnZBFUbQo+h3z/u2zEomGLYn9scGKeeC2+sqnrGpWlpi2viTiXPkWraxk/FetWUM+P8ZeOOnc9J5uPeByPfO9W01Ybr6UGp54z7k82c938GU82snFuutXGqmva8ppbsec5sR/fbdqqZ702Y/b4XoEuIb03ArMRIECAAAECBOYT6Gqk3Zq24MlfXYzAoknojij4o4iPc5YanGgM8pzuU5Qs9OO8+OqOpaatNhpLDVltcJbOGeeszVU2NeM5Ne76Xl7bNU353q3GpzaNY0OW8+Tc4T6eU/eta4CrR722WnZN272mqo4bcdXGq4691IjWPe7uk1x7/TRvaW/yXI+PC8QeOggQIECAAAECBD4LdDXSrk1bFNHRREVg8TU2PFF8ZzMW59UivS6tFvtdE5GfxsUcS41fLejHoj8boe76GLvGuLbIr01GfEJYm5gYozZGo0u+V03SJmO91bSFXZ4Xa6qNVTRGtWEb349rx32rXqNHxpXXxXjVsb5fTSL+ahIG9V6JMZaurfHU+ySe13slDOocMV7a1hjHMXy/jUAYOwgQIECAAAECBD4LdDXSZk1bDL7mqzYIEV40Cdn0LF0fxXqct3TUT2C6piley7FroV/Hi9fznLHoj/eejbHOlc/rJzo59/g4esW1Ed94Xjar2Yzda9rCbGyC6pgRW665i+HevsXYtSHKNeeYOdf499dq05Tn5GNcW83qXtaGb9y/nDsfa+OWY4+P3Zrzeo/bCIS5gwABAgQIECBA4LNAVyPt3rRliFGMRwFfi+f4Pl5fc8S5YwNQr4tPj6KhWTpuNW15TRdjNhJds5jX3XqMZqNrIqJpyEasu742L2GWTmubthgz1jyOE07ZbGWDdauBievzvNy7eG3JI5q9jDHPH9cXTVc9JxrAXF9tWB9t2mK+JffYi1z/GJfvtxWI/XcQIECAAAECBAh8FuhqpKebts9T+I4AAQLrBLqEtO5KZxEgQIAAAQIEzivQ1UiatvPut5URmFqgS0hTByw4AgQIECBAgMAbBLoaSdP2BnhTECDwVaBLSF/P8goBAgQIECBA4FoCXY2kabvWPWC1BKYR6BLSNMEJhAABAgQIECCwk0BXI2nadtoM0xK4ukCXkK5uYv0ECBAgQIAAga5G0rS5LwgQ2EWgS0i7BGJSAgQIECBAgMBEAl2NpGmbaIOEQuBKAl1CutL6rZUAAQIECBAg0Al0NZKmrZPyGgECLxfoEtLLJzUBAQIECBAgQGByga5G0rRNvmnCI3BWgS4hnXWt1kWAAAECBAgQWCvQ1UiatrV6ziNAYFOBLiFtOoHBCBAgQIAAAQIHFOhqJE3bATdSyATOINAlpDOsyxoIECBAgAABAs8IdDWSpu0ZUdcSIPCwQJeQHh7MhQQIECBAgACBkwh0NZKm7SSbaxkEjibQJaSjrUG8BAgQIECAAIGtBboaSdO2tbLxCBBYJdAlpFUXOokAAQIECBAgcGKBrkbStJ14wy2NwMwCXUKaOV6xESBAgAABAgTeIdDVSJq2d8ibgwCBLwJdQvpykhcIECBAgAABAhcT6GokTdvFbgLLJTCLQJeQZolNHAQIECBAgACBvQS6GknTttdumJfAxQW6hHRxEssnQIAAAQIECHx0NZKmzY1BgMAuAl1C2iUQkxIgQIAAAQIEJhLoaiRN20QbJBQCVxLoEtKV1m+tBAgQIECAAIFOoKuRNG2dlNcIEHi5QJeQXj6pCQgQIECAAAECkwt0NZKmbfJNEx6Bswp0Cemsa7UuAgQIECBAgMBaga5G0rSt1XMeAQKbCnQJadMJDEaAAAECBAgQOKBAVyNp2g64kUImcAaBLiGdYV3WQIAAAQIECBB4RqCrkTRtz4i6lgCBhwW6hPTwYC4kQIAAAQIECJxEoKuRNG0n2VzLIHA0gS4hHW0N4iVAgAABAgQIbC3Q1Uiatq2VjUeAwCqBLiGtutBJBAgQIECAAIETC3Q1kqbtxBtuaQRmFugS0szxio0AAQIECBAg8A6BrkbStL1D3hwECHwR6BLSl5O8QIAAAQIECBC4mEBXI2naLnYTWC6BWQS6hDRLbOIgQIAAAQIECOwl0NVImra9dsO8BC4u0CWki5NYPgECBAgQIEDgo6uRNG1uDAIEdhHoEtIugZiUAAECBAgQIDCRQFcjadom2iChELiSQJeQrrR+ayVAgAABAgQIdAJdjaRp66S8RoDAywW6hPTySU1AgAABAgQIEJhcoKuRNG2Tb5rwCJxVoEtIZ12rdREgQIAAAQIE1gp0NZKmba2e8wgQ2FSgS0ibTmAwAgQIECBAgMABBboaSdN2wI0UMoEzCHQJ6QzrsgYCBAgQIECAwDMCXY2kaXtG1LUECDws0CWkhwdzIQECBAgQIEDgJAJdjaRpO8nmWgaBowl0CeloaxAvAQIECBAgQGBrga5G0rRtrWw8AgRWCXQJadWFTiJAgAABAgQInFigq5E0bSfecEsjMLNAl5BmjldsBAgQIECAAIF3CHQ1kqbtHfLmIEDgi0CXkL6c5AUCBAgQIECAwMUEuhpJ03axm8ByCcwi0CWkWWITBwECBAgQIEBgL4GuRtK07bUb5iVwcYEuIV2cxPIJECBAgAABAh9djaRpc2MQILCLQJeQdgnEpAQIECBAgACBiQS6GknTNtEGCYXAlQS6hHSl9VsrAQIECBAgQKAT6GokTVsn5TUCBF4u0CWkl09qAgIECHRmdKsAACAASURBVBAgQIDA5AJdjaRpm3zThEfgrAJdQjrrWq2LAAECBAgQILBWoKuRNG1r9ZxHgMCmAl1C2nQCgxEgQIAAAQIEDijQ1UiatgNupJAJnEGgS0hnWJc1ECBAgAABAgSeEehqJE3bM6KuJUDgYYEuIT08mAsJECBAgAABAicR6GokTdtJNtcyCBxNoEtIR1uDeAkQIECAAAECWwt0NZKmbWtl4xEgsEqgS0irLnQSAQIECBAgQODEAl2NpGk78YZbGoGZBbqENHO8YiNAgAABAgQIvEOgq5E0be+QNwcBAl8EuoT05SQvECBAgAABAgQuJtDVSJq2i90ElktgFoEuIc0SmzgIECBAgAABAnsJdDWSpm2v3TAvgYsLdAnp4iSWT4AAAQIECBD46GokTZsbgwCBXQS6hLRLICYlQIAAAQIECEwk0NVImraJNkgoBK4k0CWkK63fWgkQIECAAAECnUBXI2naOimvESDwcoEuIb18UhMQIECAAAECBCYX6GokTdvkmyY8AmcV6BLSWddqXQQIECBAgACBtQJdjaRpW6vnPAIENhXoEtKmExiMAAECBAgQIHBAga5G0rQdcCOFTOAMAl1COsO6rIEAAQIECBAg8IxAVyNp2p4RdS0BAg8LdAnp4cFcSIAAAQIECBA4iUBXI2naTrK5lkHgaAJdQjraGsRLgAABAgQIENhaoKuRNG1bKxuPAIFVAl1CWnWhkwgQIECAAAECJxboaiRN24k33NIIzCzQJaSZ4xUbAQIECBAgQOAdAl2NpGl7h7w5CBD4ItAlpC8neYEAAQIECBAgcDGBrkbStF3sJrBcArMIdAlpltjEQYAAAQIECBDYS6CrkTRte+2GeQlcXKBLSBcnsXwCBAgQIECAwEdXI2na3BgECOwi0CWkXQIxKQECBAgQIEBgIoGuRtK0TbRBQiFwJYEuIV1p/dZKgAABAgQIEOgEuhpJ09ZJeY0AgZcLdAnp5ZOagAABAgQIECAwuUBXI2naJt804RE4q0CXkM66VusiQIAAAQIECKwV6GokTdtaPecRILCpQJeQNp3AYAQIECBAgACBAwp0NZKm7YAbKWQCZxDoEtIZ1mUNBAgQIECAAIFnBLoaSdP2jKhrCRB4WKBLSA8P5kICBAgQIECAwEkEuhpJ03aSzbUMAkcT6BLS0dYgXgIECBAgQIDA1gJdjaRp21rZeAQIrBLoEtKqC51EgAABAgQIEDixQFcjadpOvOGWRmBmgS4hzRyv2AgQIECAAAEC7xDoaiRN2zvkzUGAwBeBLiF9OckLBAgQIECAAIGLCXQ1kqbtYjeB5RKYRaBLSLPEJg4CBAgQIECAwF4CXY2kadtrN8xL4OICXUK6OInlEyBAgAABAgQ+uhpJ0+bGIEBgF4EuIe0SiEkJECBAgAABAhMJdDWSpm2iDRIKgSsJdAnpSuu3VgIECBAgQIBAJ9DVSJq2TsprBAi8XKBLSC+f1AQECBAgQIAAgckFuhpJ0zb5pgmPwFkFuoR01rVaFwECBAgQIEBgrUBXI2na1uo5jwCBTQW6hLTpBAYjQIAAAQIECBxQoKuRNG0H3EghEziDQJeQzrAuayBAgAABAgQIPCPQ1UiatmdEXUuAwMMCXUJ6eDAXEiBAgAABAgROItDVSJq2k2yuZRA4mkCXkI62BvESIECAAAECBLYW6GokTdvWysYjQGCVQJeQVl3oJAIECBAgQIDAiQW6GknTduINtzQCMwt0CWnmeMVGgAABAgQIEHiHQFcjadreIW8OAgS+CHQJ6ctJXiBAgAABAgQIXEygq5E0bRe7CSyXwCwCXUKaJTZxECBAgAABAgT2EuhqJE3bXrthXgIXF+gS0sVJLJ8AAQIECBAg8NHVSJo2NwYBArsIdAlpl0BMSoAAAQIECBCYSKCrkTRtE22QUAhcSaBLSFdav7USIECAAAECBDqBrkbStHVSXiNA4OUCXUJ6+aQmIECAAAECBAhMLtDVSJq2yTdNeATOKtAlpLOu1boIECBAgAABAmsFuhpJ07ZWz3kECGwq0CWkTScwGAECBAgQIEDggAJdjaRpO+BGCpnAGQS6hHSGdVkDAQIECBAgQOAZga5G0rQ9I+paAgQeFugS0sODuZAAAQIECBAgcBKBrkbStJ1kcy2DwNEEuoR0tDWIlwABAgQIECCwtUBXI2natlY2HgECqwS6hLTqQicRIECAAAECBE4s0NVImrYTb7ilEZhZoEtIM8crNgIECBAgQIDAOwS6GknT9g55cxAg8EWgS0hfTvICAQIECBAgQOBiAl2NpGm72E1guQRmEegS0iyxiYMAAQIECBAgsJdAVyNp2vbaDfMSuLhAl5AuTmL5BAgQIECAAIGPrkbStLkxCBDYRaBLSLsEYlICBAgQIECAwEQCXY2kaZtog4RC4EoCXUK60vqtlQABAgQIECDQCXQ1kqatk/IaAQIvF+gS0ssnNQEBAgQIECBAYHKBrkbStE2+acIjcFaBLiGdda3WRYAAAQIECBBYK9DVSJq2tXrOI0BgU4EuIW06gcEIECBAgAABAgcU6GokTdsBN1LIBM4g0CWkM6zLGggQIECAAAECzwh0NZKm7RlR1xIg8LBAl5AeHsyFBAgQIECAAIGTCHQ1kqbtJJtrGQSOJtAlpKOtQbwECBAgQIAAga0FuhpJ07a1svEIEFgl0CWkVRc6iQABAgQIECBwYoGuRtK0nXjDLY3AzAJdQpo5XrERIECAAAECBN4h0NVImrZ3yJuDAIEvAl1C+nKSFwgQIECAAAECFxPoaiRN28VuAsslMItAl5BmiU0cBAgQIECAAIG9BLoaSdO2126Yl8DFBbqEdHESyydAgAABAgQIfHQ1kqbNjUGAwC4CXULaJRCTEiBAgAABAgQmEuhqJE3bRBskFAJXEugS0pXWb60ECBAgQIAAgU6gq5E0bZ2U1wgQeLlAl5BePqkJCBAgQIAAAQKTC3Q1kqZt8k0THoGzCnQJ6axrtS4CBAgQIECAwFqBrkbStK3Vcx4BApsKdAlp0wkMRoAAAQIECBA4oEBXI2naDriRQiZwBoEuIZ1hXdZAgAABAgQIEHhGoKuRNG3PiLqWAIGHBbqE9PBgLiRAgAABAgQInESgq5E0bSfZXMsgcDSBLiEdbQ3iJUCAAAECBAhsLdDVSJq2rZWNR4DAKoEuIa260EkECBAgQIAAgRMLdDWSpu3EG25pBGYW6BLSzPGKjQABAgQIECDwDoGuRtK0vUPeHAQIfBHoEtKXk7xAgAABAgQIELiYQFcjadoudhNYLoFZBLqENEts4iBAgAABAgQI7CXQ1Uiatr12w7wELi7QJaSLk1g+AQIECBAgQOCjq5E0bW4MAgR2EegS0i6BmJQAAQIECBAgMJFAVyNp2ibaIKEQuJJAl5CutH5rJUCAAAECBAh0Al2NpGnrpLxGgMDLBbqE9PJJTUCAAAECBAgQmFygq5E0bZNvmvAInFWgS0hnXat1ESBAgAABAgTWCnQ1kqZtrZ7zCBDYVKBLSJtOYDACBAgQIECAwAEFuhpJ03bAjRQygTMIdAnpDOuyBgIECBAgQIDAMwJdjaRpe0bUtQQIPCzQJaSHB3MhAQIECBAgQOAkAl2NpGk7yeZaBoGjCXQJ6WhrEC8BAgQIECBAYGuBrkbStG2tbDwCBFYJdAlp1YVOIkCAAAECBAicWKCrkTRtJ95wSyMws0CXkGaOV2wECBAgQIAAgXcIdDWSpu0d8uYgQOCLQJeQvpzkBQIECBAgQIDAxQS6GknTdrGbwHIJzCLQJaRZYhMHAQIECBAgQGAvga5G0rTttRvmJXBxgS4hXZzE8gkQIECAAAECH12NpGlzYxAgsItAl5B2CcSkBAgQIECAAIGJBLoaSdM20QYJhcCVBLqEdKX1WysBAgQIECBAoBPoaiRNWyflNQIEXi7QJaSXT2oCAgQIECBAgMDkAl2NpGmbfNOER+CsAl1COutarYsAAQIECBAgsFagq5E0bWv1nEeAwKYCXULadAKDESBAgAABAgQOKNDVSJq2A26kkAmcQaBLSGdYlzUQIECAAAECBJ4R6GokTdszoq4lQOBhgS4hPTyYCwkQIECAAAECJxHoaiRN20k21zIIHE2gS0hHW4N4CRAgQIAAAQJbC3Q1kqZta2XjESCwSqBLSKsudBIBAgQIECBA4MQCXY2kaTvxhlsagZkFuoQ0c7xiI0CAAAECBAi8Q6CrkTRt75A3BwECXwS6hPTlJC8QIECAAAECBC4m0NVImraL3QSWS2AWgS4hzRKbOAgQIECAAAECewl0NZKmba/dMC+Biwt0CeniJJZPgAABAgQIEPjoaiRNmxuDAIFdBLqEtEsgJiVAgAABAgQITCTQ1Uiatok2SCgEriTQJaQrrd9aCRAgQIAAAQKdQFcjado6Ka8RIPBygS4hvXxSExAgQIAAAQIEJhfoaiRN2+SbJjwCZxXoEtJZ12pdBAgQIECAAIG1Al2NpGlbq+c8AgQ2FegS0qYTGIwAAQIECBAgcECBrkbStB1wI4VM4AwCXUI6w7qsgQABAgQIECDwjEBXI2nanhF1LQECDwt0CenhwVxIgAABAgQIEDiJQFcjadpOsrmWQeBoAl1COtoaxEuAAAECBAgQ2Fqgq5E0bVsrG48AgVUCXUJadaGTCBAgQIAAAQInFuhqJE3biTfc0gjMLNAlpJnjFRsBAgQIECBA4B0CXY2kaXuHvDkIEPgi0CWkLyd5gQABAgQIECBwMYGuRtK0XewmsFwCswh0CWmW2MRBgAABAgQIENhLoKuRNG177YZ5CVxcoEtIFyexfAIECBAgQIDAR1cjadrcGAQI7CLQJaRdAjEpAQIECBAgQGAiga5G0rRNtEFCIXAlgS4hXWn91kqAAAECBAgQ6AS6GknT1kl5jQCBlwt0Cenlk5qAAAECBAgQIDC5QFcjadom3zThETirQJeQzrpW6yJAgAABAgQIrBXoaiRN21o95xEgsKlAl5A2ncBgBAgQIECAAIEDCnQ1kqbtgBspZAJnEOgS0hnWZQ0ECBAgQIAAgWcEuhpJ0/aMqGsJEHhYoEtIDw/mQgIECBAgQIDASQS6GknTdpLNtQwCRxPoEtLR1iBeAgQIECBAgMDWAl2NpGnbWtl4BAisEugS0qoLnUSAAAECBAgQOLFAVyNp2k684ZZGYGaBLiHNHK/YCBAgQIAAAQLvEOhqJE3bO+TNQYDAF4EuIX05yQsECBAgQIAAgYsJdDWSpu1iN4HlEphFoEtIs8QmDgIECBAgQIDAXgJdjaRp22s3zEvg4gJdQro4ieUTIECAAAECBD66GknT5sYgQGAXgS4h7RKISQkQIECAAAECEwl0NZKmbaINEgqBKwl0CelK67dWAgQIECBAgEAn0NVImrZOymsECLxcoEtIL5/UBAQIECBAgACByQW6GknTNvmmCY/AWQW6hHTWtVoXAQIECBAgQGCtQFcjadrW6jmPAIFNBbqEtOkEBiNAgAABAgQIHFCgq5E0bQfcSCETOINAl5DOsC5rIECAAAECBAg8I9DVSJq2Z0RdS4DAwwJdQnp4MBcSIECAAAECBE4i0NVImraTbK5lEDiaQJeQjrYG8RIgQIAAAQIEthboaiRN29bKxiNAYJVAl5BWXegkAgQIECBAgMCJBboaSdN24g23NAIzC3QJaeZ4xUaAAAECBAgQeIdAVyNp2t4hbw4CBL4IdAnpy0leIECAAAECBAhcTKCrkTRtF7sJLJfALAJdQpolNnEQIECAAAECBPYS6GokTdteu2FeAhcX6BLSxUksnwABAgQIECDw0dVImjY3BgECuwh0CWmXQExKgAABAgQIEJhIoKuRNG0TbZBQCFxJoEtIV1q/tRIgQIAAAQIEOoGuRtK0dVJeI0Dg5QJdQnr5pCYgQIAAAQIECEwu0NVImrbJN014BM4q0CWks67VuggQIECAAAECawW6GknTtlbPeQQIbCrQJaRNJzAYAQIECBAgQOCAAl2NpGk74EYKmcAZBLqEdIZ1WQMBAgQIECBA4BmBrkb60rTFSb4YuAfcA+4B94B7wD3gHnAPuAfcA+6B/e6B2vh9adrqm54TIEDgVQLxQ8BBgAABAgQIECDwWaCrkTRtn418R4DAmwS6hPSmqU1DgAABAgQIEJhWoKuRNG3TbpfACJxboEtI516x1REgQIAAAQIE7gt0NZKm7b6bMwgQeIFAl5BeMI0hCRAgQIAAAQKHEuhqJE3bobZQsATOI9AlpPOszkoIECBAgAABAo8JdDWSpu0xS1cRIPCkQJeQnhzS5QQIECBAgACBwwt0NZKm7fDbagEEjinQJaRjrkTUBAgQIECAAIHtBLoaSdO2na+RCBD4hkCXkL5xuVMJECBAgAABAqcU6GokTdspt9qiCMwv0CWk+aMWIQECBAgQIEDgtQJdjaRpe6250QkQWBDoEtLCqV4mQIAAAQIECFxGoKuRNG2X2X4LJTCXQJeQ5opQNAQIECBAgACB9wt0NZKm7f37YEYCBD4+PrqEBIYAAQIECBAgcHWBrkbStF39rrB+AjsJdAlpp1BMS4AAAQIECBCYRqCrkTRt02yPQAhcS6BLSNcSsFoCBAgQIECAwFeBrkbStH118goBAm8Q6BLSG6Y1BQECBAgQIEBgaoGuRtK0Tb1lgiNwXoEuIZ13tVZGgAABAgQIEFgn0NVImrZ1ds4iQGBjgS4hbTyF4QgQIECAAAEChxPoaiRN2+G2UcAEziHQJaRzrMwqCBAgQIAAAQKPC3Q1kqbtcU9XEiDwhECXkJ4YzqUECBAgQIAAgVMIdDWSpu0UW2sRBI4n0CWk461CxAQIECBAgACBbQW6GknTtq2x0QgQWCnQJaSVlzqNAAECBAgQIHBaga5G0rSddrstjMDcAl1Cmjti0REgQIAAAQIEXi/Q1Uiatte7m4EAgUagS0jNaV4iQIAAAQIECFxKoKuRNG2XugUslsA8Al1Cmic6kRAgQIAAAQIE9hHoaiRN2z57YVYClxfoEtLlUQAQIECAAAEClxfoaiRN2+VvCwAE9hHoEtI+kZiVAAECBAgQIDCPQFcjadrm2R+RELiUQJeQLgVgsQQIECBAgACBRqCrkTRtDZSXCBB4vUCXkF4/qxkIECBAgAABAnMLdDWSpm3uPRMdgdMKdAnptIu1MAIECBAgQIDASoGuRtK0rcRzGgEC2wp0CWnbGYxGgAABAgQIEDieQFcjadqOt48iJnAKgS4hnWJhFkGAAAECBAgQeEKgq5E0bU+AupQAgccFuoT0+GiuJECAAAECBAicQ6CrkTRt59hbqyBwOIEuIR1uEQImQIAAAQIECGws0NVImraNkQ1HgMA6gS4hrbvSWQQIECBAgACB8wp0NdLTTdsvfvHzjxg4v/70p/9ZLfizn/3XT9fF9X/+8/+uvvbeib/+9a/+NXY8Hv34+9//9pNTPHdcQ+Cvf/3Lx+9//7vTLrZLSKddrIURIECAAAECBFYKdDXS5k3bb3/7m1Xh/POf//ipEcmGT9PW02naepczvxrNWvx3cYY/dFjapy4hLZ3rdQIECBAgQIDAVQS6Gmmzpu2Xv/zvn5qwH3/88a7pH//4h3+dX6/TtPVsmrbe5cyvnumT4qV96hLS0rleJ0CAAAECBAhcRaCrkTZr2uKTgfxVyfi1rntHnhu/ThmBxZemrVfTtPUuZ35V03bm3bU2AgQIECBAgMCywMubtvz07N6vSOavRsbfaasNiaat37xqFM8d5xfQtJ1/j62QAAECBAgQINAJvLxpq83YrV+RzOYuHmtDstS05T/IkJ/IxWN8UnfrHz1ZU/TG3BlLjn1v3Aob8+cnhnl9jPfDDz/U0/71fE08sf4cp45RjZaatogl58gx4jF+/XTJKc+P92Pc+quq8fw7R+z9aBnNe7y+Jv44Z7x+7V7EvdbtRXz6u+Q1xhTe4/xxfd2H2J9qtDa+iK1eF/uyFFucW/evPs+11Nhjj8a447+XvG7pv6nc2/zHgGKMdx8Ro4MAAQIECBAgQOCzQFcjbfrrkTFdNjG3fkUyz4nisxagXYEZhX8WoN1jflr3eakfPzUw0Zh0x63iOOaJGKPh6I54PYvdLqZ4LQvsvD4bpKV44rxHmraY514sEU80DWMjnTF1xrfizDXlY20SOo9oUPL10SXGeGYv1qy/++Q3rsuYYv4lw3g9Gre6hrwuH5canrgu7/U8d3wcr71lkXY19m7vqsmtfaz7tnSv5x6/4jEsHAQIECBAgAABAp8Fuhpp86Yt/9Q/itzuiOIwAoliOI5agI5NWy1I43n91KMW2llY1/myIemK1loYR5x13Chks9COx7HRiXNrgR9j5RHX5ntjTLfiyeu/27RFbDlfNGVZ1Od48X39hKfGGudkTLkfeX3sUT7PsZYecz9jjPCq11XneD++6vsxZj3nu3tR5w6Hev/Ee/X+GZujiCNjisfRL+/jeC+NI768H2L8ahvf1yPOq/dRjS3ei7Fy/nFfYpzcm+7+HWOPdeaRY9X4M+Y8Jx/TJ9axxxHrdxAgQIAAAQIECHwW6GqkzZu2LKSj0O2OLNKziK4FaC1s6+t57jhezhULG4vbpaI3mq5bxXLMUQvuKK7rUYvtaNLGYynupXjq9d9t2tIy1lMbzzpmXe+4lowprq/29fp7z3OM2O8uhvppTswTPnnU2LLZyPfy8dZe3Js7xsjGZJy77lPE3jU22XTFtd09WO+/Mf68T2KMziViu7V/ubZ4HI8ae4zfHfWcMbY4P9abzWj3fjfm1q+Fq4MAAQIECBAgQOCzQFcjbd60xZT5CUTX1OR7WbzX4rI2DllsLxXUubSlwnep6M3zl4rdcdyYvx5Z6N76dCLXWOdYiqeO/d2mrV5763lsfHyNDUDGFO91TcutMeO9uCbHvlX4517Gubnvcf0ze3GrYapx1+akNq31vusashgjG6+IO+brjqX1531S7+nu+jxv9Mu9GfcsxlgTe5wX91/E142xdK91Mb7qtYjNQYAAAQIECBAg8Fmgq5Fe0rRlMT4Ww1lo12amFqC1wM1iNgr+W0eOGYur1y8VvdlA1AK+G7+OmwV7fW0ssrsx6mtL8dRzlgrpahTP7x3xyU7EF19ZuHfFe8YU1o8c9VO0NOrGyfshYqjxP7MXdcxbc0c8Oc+a+67Gn03bLZ9YU3zV+6neJ0ufsuU8GVs81iP3Jh7Ho94P4bB0VKMxjpy3G39pvK1fDzcHAQIECBAgQIDAZ4GuRnpJ05ZF61jsZhFZm7lagNamK4vhW0VpLG/p056lorc2MTnHvcf8xLA2KTXWz8z9d0vx1LMfbdoirizCb61lLNAzptrM1HjuPc/9jDlvHXWPa9P2zF6snTviivstXTLOpZjy/XjMpu2WT45bm7a6j/n+vcfxk9vcm3HPIq4a+637MP87jLnrf0dL/83Utb/jecTlIECAAAECBAgQ+CzQ1Ugvadpi2vwVwVqk52v1k5GuAI1PBbLIrcXm5+X8+7vu3KWi95FGIQvjWozna/+O4vazpXjqVXX8+slINaqecW02FmmQj9HEhV0t3McGIGO61ZTU+Mbnaxunpfif2Yu67jGu8fsuzqWY6rU5xy2f9H62aRvnyL0Z9yziq7Hfuw/zv7naFFaPaOD2OsLOQYAAAQIECBAg8Fmgq5Fe1rRlYZifqmXzMBanSwVoFsMxzq1j6VODpaI3G4WM69bY43uzfdJWm7xYb34iOMadlmMDkEbjnozXL32fe9zdWPWausfxPI9n9mLt3DHXnp+0PdoU5d6MexbrqZ73mrbqlH8QkGOPv5KZ+/Kux3v3zbviMA8BAgQIECBAYCaBrkZ6WdM2NmlZPI7N0lIB+qq/0/ZMwZprCshYz9KRa43zsknJeesnHuP19bossOOcapTjxev5Kcqtpqs2tWMDkDHdun6MsX5fm8awWTrqeTX+nP+R5qFa3Zo7YspfHa3rXDKta3j0k7Y69r3Y6nz1edqMexbn1PHvNW3jp9b1+6Umv8bxyuddQnrlfMYmQIAAAQIECBxBoKuRXta0BUg2FVG41ucVa6kAzUI7mrdbn1bUT1FqgbxU9Nbza2NUY7r1PJvJrpjO67rY87XaOOT5+ZjnxEbV2KpRPM8jxopz66/m5Xv5WBumMeY0uhVTjtM91gbgVhNb11Xjf2YvYq9j7fF1a+7atEYceSyZ5vvx+GjTVue8tTd1rvF57s24Z3Fejf1e0xbn51jx32A2u/f+uxrjecX3sXcOAgQIECBAgACBzwJdjfTSpi0LxFvF71IBWl8fP53LZdXCfSxus1AdX6+NRi3ic8x8zNgDrTaNuZZ4vfukosZUC/Z7DUq9LsZe07RlIzyuMdcQY2RjF2OO56XRo01bzFPHqE4Zw7iu2Nc8nt2LnDsakOqV48fjUsNY768aU7029/qWT7jGV93rGCOvjffCoDvCK/dnvMdzbfE4HjX2NU3b2Lh38Y5zvOP7iMNBgAABAgQIECDwWaCrkV7atI0F+1iYRni3CtBacMfzWphHU5WfenWF8a2itzZQcV4t2mOOWnCPMcf7dd5aNEcTl0X42EjUdcY5dc5xLbGeutZ67XhdnBtfY9PQjRlNXj3S6FZTUs/vnkecGcO4rrCpVnFejT/Ge2Yv6v0V89S9iPfG+6fGv2Raz8n74JZPrn30H++T2I96RKwxblw/3itxXs5d38t7osZe11zHr8/rJ38Zb/cHDvWadzyPWBwECBAgQIAAAQKfBboa6aVNW0yfnwbF5N0nDvcK0Fp4Z8FZH6OoHRuBmDcbknjsjtos1PHq87EQz3FiHVlw1/Pz+VJMWYjnefUxxovCPl/LAj3mrEZ1rVGMV9+8tj7GmGkYcdUjjW41JfX8pec1vjp3Pq/rqvHneM/sRYwX68q5usdYL8hevQAACANJREFU/3jUmLuY4vzcr1s+OV93r9y7T+LaiL377yKasRw7H7PRqrGvadpiLXkP5Jyjxx7fRyxHOnIfbt0PS+up/w2s3bM61lHnjjUcNfar7pl1f/5/vtb/Dm89d5///BZP+5577Vr3WtwER/3vpL2BX/xiWI3Hy5u2/I9yqdBZU4BGsZoFdG54NCsx9tKRDclS0xbXxdxdwxCvLRXydb6YP9aVMcVjvNb9mmBeFwVbxhbnR9Ge66iF+pqmLceM68fGJV7LMapxXVfGsbQ3Of6ax2g8RstoFOL1pfnruHHOeH34rNmL8I71jntx69o1MeU9d8sn975r2nJ9EdvYXN+7f+PauC7Hj8f4Po4a+9oGIP4byrHCZYYj4jnSkX637oel9dS9XLtndayjzh1rOGrsV90z675WIW2/7Xf9WXPv+TP5/Mg/D+65vOL9sB6Pp5u2cUDfExgFasOQjeR4ju9fKxDumWyj6Zvh6BLSDHGJgQABAgQIECCwp0BXI2na9tyRg8+99hOf+id5B1/yYcPPPYhP+GY5uoQ0S2ziIECAAAECBAjsJdDVSJq2vXbjBPPWf+Bi6ddQ45z8tcWlc05AMf0S8tczo3mb5egS0iyxiYMAAQIECBAgsJdAVyNp2vbajZPMm38vLm6u+Htd9e/zxa9FZrMQ73f/4MZJGKZeRv5dwfh7j3V/9g66S0h7x2R+AgQIECBAgMDeAl2NpGnbe1cOPn/8XanamMVN1n1FA+d4n0A2anUvZtuDLiG9T8hMBAgQIECAAIE5BboaSdM2514dLqr4tbv6qVvcbPkvY8706c7hYB8MuP5LpPHrqbM1bLGsLiE9uFyXESBAgAABAgROI9DVSJq202yvhRA4lkCXkI61AtESIECAAAECBLYX6GokTdv2zkYkQGCFQJeQVlzmFAIECBAgQIDAqQW6GknTduottzgC8wp0CWneaEVGgAABAgQIEHiPQFcjadreY28WAgQGgS4hDaf4lgABAgQIECBwOYGuRtK0Xe42sGACcwh0CWmOyERBgAABAgQIENhPoKuRNG377YeZCVxaoEtIlwaxeAIECBAgQIDAwr+wrWlzaxAgsIuApm0XdpMSIECAAAECkwt0NZKmbfJNEx6Bswp0Cemsa7UuAgQIECBAgMBaga5G0rSt1XMeAQKbCnQJadMJDEaAAAECBAgQOKBAVyNp2g64kUImcAaBLiGdYV3WQIAAAQIECBB4RqCrkTRtz4i6lgCBhwW6hPTwYC4kQIAAAQIECJxEoKuRNG0n2VzLIHA0gS4hHW0N4iVAgAABAgQIbC3Q1Uiatq2VjUeAwCqBLiGtutBJBAgQIECAAIETC3Q1kqbtxBtuaQRmFugS0szxio0AAQIECBAg8A6BrkbStL1D3hwECHwR6BLSl5O8QIAAAQIECBC4mEBXI2naLnYTWC6BWQS6hDRLbOIgQIAAAQIECOwl0NVImra9dsO8BC4u0CWki5NYPgECBAgQIEDgo6uRNG1uDAIEdhHoEtIugZiUAAECBAgQIDCRQFcjadom2iChELiSQJeQrrR+ayVAgAABAgQIdAJdjaRp66S8RoDAywW6hPTySU1AgAABAgQIEJhcoKuRNG2Tb5rwCJxVoEtIZ12rdREgQIAAAQIE1gp0NZKmba2e8wgQ2FSgS0ibTmAwAgQIECBAgMABBboaSdN2wI0UMoEzCHQJ6QzrsgYCBAgQIECAwDMCXY2kaXtG1LUECDws0CWkhwdzIQECBAgQIEDgJAJdjaRpO8nmWgaBowl0CeloaxAvAQIECBAgQGBrga5G0rRtrWw8AgRWCXQJadWFTiJAgAABAgQInFigq5E0bSfecEsjMLNAl5BmjldsBAgQIECAAIF3CHQ1kqbtHfLmIEDgi0CXkL6c5AUCBAgQIECAwMUEuhpJ03axm8ByCcwi0CWkWWITBwECBAgQIEBgL4GuRtK07bUb5iVwcYEuIV2cxPIJECBAgAABAh9djaRpc2MQILCLQJeQdgnEpAQIECBAgACBiQS6GknTNtEGCYXAlQS6hHSl9VsrAQIECBAgQKAT6GokTVsn5TUCBF4u0CWkl09qAgIECBAgQIDA5AJdjaRpm3zThEfgrAJdQjrrWq2LAAECBAgQILBWoKuRNG1r9ZxHgMCmAl1C2nQCgxEgQIAAAQIEDijQ1UiatgNupJAJnEGgS0hnWJc1ECBAgAABAgSeEehqJE3bM6KuJUDgYYEuIT08mAsJECBAgAABAicR6GokTdtJNtcyCBxNoEtIR1uDeAkQIECAAAECWwt0NZKmbWtl4xEgsEqgS0irLnQSAQIECBAgQODEAl2NpGk78YZbGoGZBbqENHO8YiNAgAABAgQIvEOgq5E0be+QNwcBAl8EuoT05SQvECBAgAABAgQuJtDVSJq2i90ElktgFoEuIc0SmzgIECBAgAABAnsJdDWSpm2v3TAvgYsLdAnp4iSWT4AAAQIECBD46GokTZsbgwCBXQS6hLRLICYlQIAAAQIECEwk0NVImraJNkgoBK4k0CWkK63fWgkQIECAAAECnUBXI2naOimvESDwcoEuIb18UhMQIECAAAECBCYX6GqkL01bnOSLgXvAPeAecA+4B9wD7gH3gHvAPeAe2O8eqL3lp6atvuE5AQIECBAgQIAAAQIECOwvoGnbfw9EQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgUUBTdsijTcIECBAgAABAgQIECCwv8D/BzXmpZQqpcr+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" width="433" height="216"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, giving reasons, the relative volatilities of SCl<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Consider the following equilibrium reaction:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">2SO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + O<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2SO<sub>3 </sub>(g)</p>
<p>State and explain how the equilibrium would be affected by increasing the volume of the reaction container at a constant temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a group 2 metal which exists as a number of isotopes and forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the nuclear symbol notation, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_Z^AX">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</msubsup>
<mi>X</mi>
</math></span>, for magnesium-26.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Mass spectroscopic analysis of a sample of magnesium gave the following results:</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Calculate the relative atomic mass, <em>A</em><sub>r</sub>, of this sample of magnesium to two decimal places.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium burns in air to form a white compound, magnesium oxide. Formulate an equation for the reaction of magnesium oxide with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the trend in acid-base properties of the oxides of period 3, sodium to chlorine.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>In addition to magnesium oxide, magnesium forms another compound when burned in air. Suggest the formula of this compound</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the structure and bonding in solid magnesium oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed.</p>
<p>Deduce the half-equations for the reactions at each electrode when <strong>molten</strong> magnesium chloride is electrolysed, showing the state symbols of the products. The melting points of magnesium and magnesium chloride are 922 K and 987 K respectively.</p>
<p>Anode (positive electrode):</p>
<p>Cathode (negative electrode):</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>When heated in air, magnesium ribbon reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The reaction in (a)(i) was carried out in a crucible with a lid and the following data was recorded:</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible and lid = 47.372 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon before heating = 53.726 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible, lid and product after heating = 56.941 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>When magnesium is burnt in air, some of it reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride according to the equation:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3 Mg (s) + N<sub>2 </sub>(g) → Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2 </sub>(s)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The presence of magnesium nitride can be demonstrated by adding water to the product. It is hydrolysed to form magnesium hydroxide and ammonia.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Most nitride ions are <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the block of the periodic table in which magnesium is located.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify a metal, in the same period as magnesium, that does <strong>not</strong> form a basic oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the amount of magnesium, in mol, that was used.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the percentage uncertainty of the mass of product after heating.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Assume the reaction in (a)(i) is the only one occurring and it goes to completion, but some product has been lost from the crucible. Deduce the percentage yield of magnesium oxide in the crucible.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Evaluate whether this, rather than the loss of product, could explain the yield found in (b)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest an explanation, other than product being lost from the crucible or reacting with nitrogen, that could explain the yield found in (b)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate coefficients that balance the equation for the following reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">__ Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2 </sub>(s) + __ H<sub>2</sub>O (l) → __ Mg(OH)<sub>2 </sub>(s) + __ NH<sub>3 </sub>(aq)</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> and in NH<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving reasons, whether the reaction of magnesium nitride with water is an acid–base reaction, a redox reaction, neither or both.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some nitride ions are <sup>15</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>. State the term that describes the relationship between <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup> and <sup>15</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The nitride ion and the magnesium ion are isoelectronic (they have the same electron configuration). Determine, giving a reason, which has the greater ionic radius.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> reasons why atoms are no longer regarded as the indivisible units of matter.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the types of bonding in magnesium, oxygen and magnesium oxide, and how the valence electrons produce these types of bonding.</p>
<p><img 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" width="644" height="367"></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> </span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion. Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and their chemical shifts in the </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo> </mo><mi>NMR</mi></math> <span class="fontstyle0">spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, is industrially important for the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives and plastics.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia is produced by the Haber–Bosch process which involves the equilibrium:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 3 H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2 NH<sub>3 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The effect of temperature on the position of equilibrium depends on the enthalpy change of the reaction.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia is soluble in water and forms an alkaline solution:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">NH<sub>3 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>(aq) + HO<sup>– </sup>(aq)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the ammonia molecule.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the expression for the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this equation.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why an increase in pressure shifts the position of equilibrium towards the products and how this affects the value of the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how the use of a catalyst affects the position of the equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, for the Haber–Bosch process, in kJ. Use Section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup>, for the Haber–Bosch process, in kJ, using the following data.</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi></mrow><mo>⦵</mo></msubsup><mfenced><msub><mi>NH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>46</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the values obtained in (d)(i) and (d)(ii) differ.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the relationship between NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NH<sub>3</sub> in terms of the Brønsted–Lowry theory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the concentration, in mol dm<sup>–3</sup>, of the solution formed when 900.0 dm<sup>3</sup> of NH<sub>3 </sub>(g) at 300.0 K and 100.0 kPa, is dissolved in water to form 2.00 dm<sup>3</sup> of solution. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions in an ammonia solution with pH = 9.3. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Dinitrogen monoxide, N<sub>2</sub>O, causes depletion of ozone in the stratosphere.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Different sources of N<sub>2</sub>O have different ratios of <sup>14</sup>N:<sup>15</sup>N.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why ozone in the stratosphere is important.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State one analytical technique that could be used to determine the ratio of <sup>14</sup>N:<sup>15</sup>N.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A sample of gas was enriched to contain 2 % by mass of <sup>15</sup>N with the remainder being <sup>14</sup>N.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the relative molecular mass of the resulting N<sub>2</sub>O.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving <strong>two</strong> reasons, how the first ionization energy of <sup>15</sup>N compares with that of <sup>14</sup>N.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest why it is surprising that dinitrogen monoxide dissolves in water to give a neutral solution.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The emission spectrum of an element can be used to identify it.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Elements show trends in their physical properties across the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission spectrum.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why atomic radius decreases across period 3, sodium to chlorine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why the ionic radius of K<sup>+</sup> is smaller than that of Cl<sup>−</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.</p>
<p>Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxQAAAB7CAYAAADtycaDAAANcklEQVR4Ae3df2hdZxkH8OekZWzSdTomrOkfkyHp/ukUUx3zD0k7XNzG6IgiOFbrMnAKq4XiGu26CY516xaUSTdXpEGtA50aunVFss0YUVFrO6oTbIOMCjYtdMjMyhjF5shtcrS9TWhPz3KTe99Poby5P5573ufzvg395pybm+V5noc/BAgQIECAAAECBAgQuAiBtouoUUKAAAECBAgQIECAAIHTAgKFjUCAAAECBAgQIECAwEULLKyvzLKs/i63CRAgQIAAAQIECBAgcJZA8c6JcwJF7YFaqCiecFaVGwQIECBAgAABAgQIJC1QnxVc8pT0dtA8AQIECBAgQIAAgWoCAkU1P9UECBAgQIAAAQIEkhYQKJJefs0TIECAAAECBAgQqCYgUFTzU02AAAECBAgQIEAgaQGBIunl1zwBAgQIECBAgACBagICRTU/1QQIECBAgAABAgSSFhAokl5+zRMgQIAAAQIECBCoJiBQVPNTTYAAAQIECBAgQCBpAYEi6eXXPAECBAgQIECAAIFqAgJFNT/VBAgQIECAAAECBJIWECiSXn7NEyBAgAABAgQIEKgmIFBU81NNgAABAgQIECBAIGkBgSLp5dc8AQIECBAgQIAAgWoCAkU1P9UECBAgQIAAAQIEkhYQKJJefs0TIECAAAECBAgQqCYgUFTzU02AAAECBAgQIEAgaQGBIunl1zwBAgQIECBAgACBagILq5WrbmWBLMuasr08z+f9vJvVdt7DmiCBOoFm+H5QN2U3CRAg0HQCzlA03ZKZMAECBAgQIECAAIH5I+AMxfxZi3k7k2b5CV8z/tS/GWwL12aYa+0fUTPN11xn79teYTt7R/DKBAgQIFAIOENRSBgJECBAgAABAgQIECgtIFCUJlNAgAABAgQIECBAgEAhIFAUEkYCBAgQIECAAAECBEoLCBSlyRQQIECAAAECBAgQIFAICBSFhJEAAQIECBAgQIAAgdICAkVpMgUECBAgQIAAAQIECBQCAkUhYSRAgAABAgQIECBAoLSAQFGaTAEBAgQIECBAgAABAoWAQFFIGAkQIECAAAECBAgQKC0gUJQmU0CAAAECBAgQIECAQCEgUBQSRgIECBAgQIAAAQIESgsIFKXJFBAgQIAAAQIECBAgUAgIFIWEkQABAgQIECBAgACB0gICRWkyBQQIECBAgAABAgQIFAICRSFhJECAAAECBAgQIECgtIBAUZpMAQECBAgQIECAAAEChYBAUUgYCRAgQIAAAQIECBAoLSBQlCZTQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAISBQFBJGAgQIECBAgAABAgRKCwgUpckUECBAgAABAgQIECBQCAgUhYSRAAECBAgQIECAAIHSAgJFaTIFBAgQIECAAAECBAgUAgJFIWEkQIAAAQIECBAgQKC0gEBRmkwBAQIECBAgQIAAAQKFgEBRSBgJECBAgAABAgQIECgtIFCUJlNAgAABAgQIECBAgEAhIFAUEkYCBAgQIECAAAECBEoLCBSlyRQQIECAAAECBAgQIFAICBSFhJEAAQIECBAgQIAAgdICAkVpMgUECBAgQIAAAQIECBQCAkUhYSRAgAABAgQIECBAoLSAQFGaTAEBAgQIECBAgAABAoWAQFFIGAkQIECAAAECBAgQKC0gUJQmU0CAAAECBAgQIECAQCEgUBQSRgIECBAgQIAAAQIESgsIFKXJFBAgQIAAAQIECBAgUAgIFIWEkQABAgQIECBAgACB0gICRWkyBQQIECBAgAABAgQIFAICRSFhJECAAAECBAgQIECgtIBAUZpMAQECBAgQIECAAAEChcDC4gsjgZkEsiyb6SH3VxRoJttmmmttWZppvuZa8R+ScgIECBCYUwFnKOaU38EJECBAgAABAgQINLeAMxTNvX6zOvs8z2f19VN+cbYpr77eCRAgQIBAawk4Q9Fa66kbAgQIECBAgAABAg0VECgayu1gBAgQIECAAAECBFpLQKBorfXUDQECBAgQIECAAIGGCggUDeV2MAIECBAgQIAAAQKtJSBQtNZ66oYAAQIECBAgQIBAQwUEioZyOxgBAgQIECBAgACB1hIQKFprPXVDgAABAgQIECBAoKECAkVDuR2MAAECBAgQIECAQGsJCBSttZ66IUCAAAECBAgQINBQAYGiodwORoAAAQIECBAgQKC1BASK1lpP3RAgQIAAAQIECBBoqIBA0VDudA82cWQw7mlfEX3Db6SLoPN5LjAeoy9/O9a2Z5FlWWTta6P/5dE4cb5Zjw9HX3t7dA8cjInzPdfjBAgQIECgBQUEihZc1HnX0sQ/YtdD34iBo/NuZiZEYErgZBwZ3BRdW47H6pF/R56firdGVsfxLbfG7f17zx8qOBIgQIAAgYQFBIqEF78xrY/Hwe9/Mza+flV8vDEHdBQC5QXGfxvfue8PsebBDdHTsTgi2mJRx61xz5qPxMi3dsXececeyqOqIECAAIFUBASKVFZ6TvqciBP7d8SXN18Wj236TCw6Zw7jMTo8EH0r2ycvMcnaY2XfQAyPjp/zTHcQmFWBxati69i+2LrqqvMc5mQc3T8Y/WuX//+yqF+8GsfOU+VhAgQIECDQygICRSuv7lz3dmJfPPPVZ+PabffHHddcVjebybBx712/i2XfPRh5nkd+6k/x4IKfxE3rfhajfiBc5+VmYwVOxtG9O+KRzX+L3m33Rtfi2rfK2p59Ku5csT2Or/5pvFXbs6Nfj2tffTl+6HK+xi6PoxEgQIDAvBJYOK9mYzItJPBm7H/m0dhz29Oxu+eaaButb+1kjP359zGy/FOx/fQlJrWrTJbGqi1Dkdc/1W0CDRSYGB2IW5bdEy9FxJLPb4tdNy6JyZ+8/Cv2PvdsHNr4eDzfc93kGbdF10XPA32xceddcaCBc3QoAgQIECAwnwScoZhPq9Eyc6m9wXVz3L7nE9H/pRXTXOpUa/SSaP/QjdH10tOxY9dvYnhwJEZPOC3RMlugiRtp6+iNodNnzP4ZP1r6QtzQuSEGj5yMGP9LDO0ci+XL2s/e04vaY9ny9zRxx6ZOgAABAgSqCQgU1fxUTyMwceTFeOi+w7Gh/+7oXDTTFmuLRZ3rY/eh/rjhzRfj4U+vjGWXL4hsZV8MDF/Ar+qc5rjuIvCuCtTOmH2tLzbGYGwfej3+c+xwHHBp07tK7MUIECBAoDUEZvrfXmt0p4s5EHgn/j704xg4uifuX/G+qTdbZ7Hg9CUk++Pxm94fWffA1Hskar9Jpyt6erfGr/I8To3ti5/fdiw233RnPOzzKuZg7RxyeoGj8dqhsXj76g/Eh5dM/wz3EiBAgACBlAUEipRXf1Z6vzQ6ep+bfJN17bKRqb+nDu2Im6MzNv7yeORDvdExzc5rW9IZPV9cG2uWjMWBw2/4kLBZWR8vOp1A7X0T3dlMH7zYGWu6r4/Fi6+P7jXtp8PFWR92d2IsDr329nQv6z4CBAgQIJCEwDT/rUuib03OucA7MTrw2chWborB//2a2PEYfeWV2Bs9cW/3tVNvhJ3ziZpAAgJtHT2x5YmrY+cP9sTB4r08E0di+LGtsfOT6+Luj10ZEVdF11c2xS0718e6gb9OftjdiYMx+MjWeNylUAnsEi0SIECAwEwCAsVMMu6fZYFLo+MLT8a+dVfG811XTF0adUV0PX9lrNv9QNyx9JJZPr6XJ3CmwHujc8P3Yvfq4/Fox4LJ/bigN4Y+2BcjT62J66beC9S29I54cqQ/lv/6c3F5lkV2+fr440d744mbvSn7TE1fEyBAgEBaAlleuyal7k+WZacvVam7200CBAgQIECAAAECBBIXqM8KzlAkviG0T4AAAQIECBAgQKCKgEBRRU8tAQIECBAgQIAAgcQFBIrEN4D2CRAgQIAAAQIECFQRECiq6KklQIAAAQIECBAgkLiAQJH4BtA+AQIECBAgQIAAgSoCAkUVPbUECBAgQIAAAQIEEhcQKBLfANonQIAAAQIECBAgUEVAoKiip5YAAQIECBAgQIBA4gICReIbQPsECBAgQIAAAQIEqggIFFX01BIgQIAAAQIECBBIXECgSHwDaJ8AAQIECBAgQIBAFQGBooqeWgIECBAgQIAAAQKJCwgUiW8A7RMgQIAAAQIECBCoIiBQVNFTS4AAAQIECBAgQCBxAYEi8Q2gfQIECBAgQIAAAQJVBASKKnpqCRAgQIAAAQIECCQuIFAkvgG0T4AAAQIECBAgQKCKgEBRRU8tAQIECBAgQIAAgcQFBIrEN4D2CRAgQIAAAQIECFQRECiq6KklQIAAAQIECBAgkLiAQJH4BtA+AQIECBAgQIAAgSoCAkUVPbUECBAgQIAAAQIEEhcQKBLfANonQIAAAQIECBAgUEVAoKiip5YAAQIECBAgQIBA4gICReIbQPsECBAgQIAAAQIEqggIFFX01BIgQIAAAQIECBBIXCDL8zw/0yDLsjNv+poAAQIECBAgQIAAAQLnCBQxYmH9I8UD9fe7TYAAAQIECBAgQIAAgXoBlzzVi7hNgAABAgQIECBAgMAFCwgUF0zliQQIECBAgAABAgQI1AsIFPUibhMgQIAAAQIECBAgcMEC/wWwH5E4Uh3PggAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Impure copper can be purified by electrolysis. In the electrolytic cell, impure copper is the anode (positive electrode), pure copper is the cathode (negative electrode) and the electrolyte is copper(II) sulfate solution.</p>
<p>Formulate the half-equation at each electrode.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline where and in which direction the electrons flow during electrolysis.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper forms two chlorides, copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An electrolysis cell was assembled using graphite electrodes and connected as shown.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the electron configuration of the Cu<sup>+</sup> ion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper(II) chloride is used as a catalyst in the production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">4HCl (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction, using section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The diagram shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution and potential energy profile for the reaction without a catalyst.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Annotate both charts to show the activation energy for the catalysed reaction, using the label <em>E</em><sub>a (cat)</sub>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" 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" width="657" height="313"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain how the catalyst increases the rate of the reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Solid copper(II) chloride absorbs moisture from the atmosphere to form a hydrate of formula CuCl<sub>2</sub>•<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>H<sub>2</sub>O.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A student heated a sample of hydrated copper(II) chloride, in order to determine the value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>. The following results were obtained:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Mass of crucible = 16.221 g<br>Initial mass of crucible and hydrated copper(II) chloride = 18.360 g<br>Final mass of crucible and anhydrous copper(II) chloride = 17.917 g</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the value of <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math></em>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State how current is conducted through the wires and through the electrolyte.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Wires: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Electrolyte:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write the half-equation for the formation of gas bubbles at electrode 1.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>There are many oxides of silver with the formula Ag<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>. All of them decompose into their elements when heated strongly.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>After heating 3.760 g of a silver oxide 3.275 g of silver remained. Determine the empirical formula of Ag<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the final mass of solid obtained by heating 3.760 g of Ag<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> may be greater than 3.275 g giving one design improvement for your proposed suggestion. Ignore any possible errors in the weighing procedure.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Naturally occurring silver is composed of two stable isotopes, <sup>107</sup>Ag and <sup>109</sup>Ag.</p>
<p>The relative atomic mass of silver is 107.87. Show that isotope <sup>107</sup>Ag is more abundant.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some oxides of period 3, such as Na<sub>2</sub>O and P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, react with water. A spatula measure of each oxide was added to a separate 100 cm<sup>3</sup> flask containing distilled water and a few drops of bromothymol blue indicator.</p>
<p>The indicator is listed in section 22 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>Deduce the colour of the resulting solution and the chemical formula of the product formed after reaction with water for each oxide.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the electrical conductivity of molten Na<sub>2</sub>O and P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the model of electron configuration deduced from the hydrogen line emission spectrum (Bohr’s model).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Trends in physical and chemical properties are useful to chemists.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The Activity series lists the metal in order of reactivity.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the general increasing trend in the first ionization energies of the period 3 elements, Na to Ar.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the melting points of the group 1 metals (Li → Cs) decrease down the group.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State an equation for the reaction of phosphorus (V) oxide, P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> (s), with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the strongest reducing agent in the given list.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A voltaic cell is made up of a Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn half-cell and a Ni<sup>2+</sup>/Ni half-cell.</p>
<p>Deduce the equation for the cell reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The voltaic cell stated in part (ii) is partially shown below.</p>
<p>Draw and label the connections needed to show the direction of electron movement and ion flow between the two half-cells.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>