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<title>DP Chemistry: Boiling points of mixtures</title>
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nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li class="selected"><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li class="selected"><a href="boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16287/objectives-command-terms-1.html">Objectives & command terms</a></li><li><a href="../16288/grade-descriptors-1.html">Grade descriptors</a></li><li><a href="../16289/grade-boundaries-1.html">Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16302/paper-1-multiple-choice-1.html" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16303/advice-to-students-paper-1-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li><a href="../31515/practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16305/paper-2-1.html" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16306/advice-to-students-paper-2-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li><a href="../16307/areas-of-difficulty-1.html">Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16313/paper-3--1.html" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16314/advice-to-students-paper-3-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 3)</a></li><li><a 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href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../41171/the-12-tok-concepts-1.html">The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a href="../17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams--1.html">HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li><a href="../17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic--1.html">HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li><a href="../20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17793/hl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">HL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-1.html">HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html">Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../41465/complete-course-for-students--2.html">Complete course for students </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><div class="blueBg"><h1><img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/standard-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> <img alt="" height="22" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-32-1.png" title="" width="22"> A practical on intermolecular forces of attraction</h1><hr class="hidden"><p><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Practicals/Teachers doing b_pt experiment.jpg" style="width: 448px; height: 336px;" title="">This is an excellent practical and well worth doing. It introduces your students to setting up and using reflux apparatus. They have to overcome the practical problem of reading the thermometer through <span data-scayt-word="Quickfit" data-wsc-lang="en_US">Quickfit</span> apparatus (the mark always seems to be where exactly the joints are!). They have to think carefully about how to plot relevant graphs. They can check how accurate their work is by arriving at what should be the same boiling point for the 50:50 mixture by two different ways and by comparing the boiling points they obtain with literature values. In addition, it really helps them to understand the different types and strengths of intermolecular forces of attraction.</p><p>(Teachers performing the experiment at a workshop in Buenos Aires.)</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="greenBg"><h1>Teacher's notes</h1><p>The three mixtures chosen are:<br><br><strong>1</strong>. Propan-1-ol/<span data-scayt-word="propan-2-ol" data-wsc-lang="en_US">propan-2-ol</span>. This should give a straight line as the type of intermolecular forces of attraction is the same in both the pure liquids and in the mixture.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20practicals/propan-1-ol-and-propan-2-ol-graph.png" style="width: 501px; height: 368px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>Raoult’s Law is not on the programme but this behaves as an ideal mixture due to the hydrogen bonding present throughout.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" height="643" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014 practicals/propan-1-ol-and-propan-2-ol-explanation.png" style="width: 336px; height: 643px;" width="336"></p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>2</strong>. Cyclohexane/ethanol. The bonding in the mixture (London dispersion forces)) will be weaker than in either of the pure liquids. Ethanol has hydrogen bonding (b) and cyclohexane has London (dispersion) forces of attraction (a). The London forces of attraction in the mixture will be weaker than in the pure cyclohexane as there is less surface area overlap.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" height="168" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014 practicals/cyclohexane-ethanol-explanation.png" style="width: 585px; height: 168px;" width="585"></p><p>This results in the curve dipping below the boiling points of the pure substances.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><img alt="" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20practicals/cyclohexane-ethanol-graph.png" style="width: 477px; height: 408px;"></strong></p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>3</strong>. Trichloromethane/ethyl <span data-scayt-word="ethanoate" data-wsc-lang="en_US">ethanoate</span>. This mixture has a higher boiling point than either of its components. This is because attraction can occur between the δ<sup>+</sup> on the hydrogen of <span data-scayt-word="CHCl" data-wsc-lang="en_US">CHCl</span><sub>3</sub> and the δ<sup>−</sup> on the O of CH<sub>3</sub><span data-scayt-word="COOC" data-wsc-lang="en_US">COOC</span><sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>.</p><p>Traditionally the mixture used for this was trichloromethane and <span data-scayt-word="propanone" data-wsc-lang="en_US">propanone</span> and this gives a more pronounced curve.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20practicals/chlorofom-acetone-graph.png" style="width: 489px; height: 341px;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" height="450" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014 practicals/chlorofom-acetone-explanation.png" style="width: 260px; height: 450px;" width="260"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>In 1970 there was one isolated report of an explosion occurring <a href="http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB3130928.htm">(MCA Case History 1661(1970)</a> - see reactivity profile under acetone) so ever since it has not been recommended (although I have actually used this many times in the past thirty years with absolutely no problem – do I fit the definition of an IB ‘risk taker’?!).</p><hr class="hidden"><p>This experiment cover many good points. In addition to learning about different intermolecular forces of attraction students have to manipulate the data to draw the correct graph – which strictly should be boiling point against molar percentage concentration. They can calculate uncertainties and compare the values they get for the pure liquids with the literature values.</p><hr class="hidden"></div><hr class="hidden"><div class="box"><hr class="hidden"><h2><img alt="Standard Level" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png" title="Standard Level"> <img alt="Higher Level" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/higher-1.png" title="Higher Level"> Student worksheet</h2><hr class="hidden"><div><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>BOILING POINTS OF LIQUID </strong><strong>MIXTURES</strong></p><hr class="hidden"><p>This experiment looks at how the boiling point of a mixture of two fully miscible volatile liquids varies as the composition of the mixture alters. Three different mixtures will be investigated and you will be required to interpret the results in terms of the intermolecular attractive forces between the component liquids. The three different mixtures are:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>OH / H<sub>3</sub>CCH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> (<span data-scayt-word="propan-1-ol" data-wsc-lang="en_US">propan-1-ol</span>/<span data-scayt-word="propan-2-ol" data-wsc-lang="en_US">propan-2-ol</span>)</p></div><div><strong>2.</strong> C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH / C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub> (ethanol/cyclohexane)</div><div><strong>3.</strong> <span data-scayt-word="CHCl" data-wsc-lang="en_US">CHCl</span><sub>3</sub> / CH<sub>3</sub><span data-scayt-word="COOC" data-wsc-lang="en_US">COOC</span><sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> (trichloromethane/ethyl ethanoate)</div><div><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>ENVIRONMENTAL CARE:</strong></p><p>The mixtures are all organic so pour all the residues into the container marked 'Organic Waste' in the fume cupboard. Do not pour them down the sink. There is no need to wash out the apparatus afterwards with water as it can be left to dry by evaporation.</p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>SAFETY:</strong></p><p>The liquids used are all volatile and, apart from trichloromethane, are highly inflammable. Avoid breathing in their <span data-scayt-word="vapours" data-wsc-lang="en_US">vapours</span> as much as possible and keep them well away from a naked flame. This is particularly important when adding solvent to the reflux apparatus, the Bunsen burner must first be moved to a safe distance. It is advisable to use a fume cupboard for the mixture containing trichloromethane.</p><hr class="hidden"><p><strong>PROCEDURE:</strong></p></div><div><img alt="" class="right noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/2014%20practicals/reflux-appartus.jpg" style="width: 73px; height: 249px; float: right;" title="reflux apparatus"><div><br>Choose one of the three mixtures 1, 2 or 3. Carefully set up the reflux apparatus as illustrated. Turn the water on into the bottom of the condenser so there is a gentle flow out from the top into the sink and check the flow from time to time. The thermometer should dip into the liquid mixture, but not touch the walls of the flask. All the heating should be done with a small blue flame as the mixtures boil easily.</div><div>Measure 10 cm<sup>3</sup> of one of the components directly from the <span data-scayt-word="burette" data-wsc-lang="en_US">burette</span> into a 50 cm<sup>3</sup> flask and heat until a slow steady reflux is obtained. Record the temperature as the boiling point of the pure liquid. Measure 2 cm<sup>3</sup> of the second liquid into a clean dry test-tube and, after moving the flame away and allowing the apparatus to cool briefly, add the second liquid by pouring it down the condenser. Reheat until a slow steady reflux is obtained and record the boiling point of the mixture. Take further readings after additions of 2 cm<sup>3</sup> portions, until a total of 10 cm<sup>3</sup> of the second liquid has been added. Allow to cool, dismantle the apparatus and pour the mixture away into the 'organic waste' container. Set up as before, and repeat the whole process starting with 10 cm<sup>3</sup> of the other solvent.</div><div></div><div>Draw a single graph of boiling point against percentage composition by volume of the two components. Sketch the graphs obtained by others in the class for the other two mixtures. Determine the densities of the liquids and also plot a graph of boiling point against molar percentage composition of the two compounds.</div></div><div><hr class="hidden"><div><p><strong>QUESTIONS:</strong></p></div><div><strong>1.</strong> Compare the boiling points you obtained for the pure liquids with the values given in the data book. How accurate are your results?</div><div><strong>2. </strong>What type of bonding exists between the molecules in the pure liquids? Does this help to explain their boiling points relative to their molecular mass?</div><div><strong>3.</strong> What type of bonding exists between the molecules of the component liquids in the mixture? Is this similar or different to the pure liquids? How does this help to explain the shape of the graphs?</div><div><strong>4.</strong> Sketch the shape of the graph you would expect if a mixture of <span data-scayt-word="CHCl" data-wsc-lang="en_US">CHCl</span><sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>3</sub><span data-scayt-word="COCH" data-wsc-lang="en_US">COCH</span><sub>3</sub> was used.<hr class="hidden"></div></div></div><hr class="hidden"><p>This worksheet can also be downloaded from:</p><p><a href="/media/ib/chemistry/files/2014%20practicals/Boiling-points-of-liquid-mixtures.pdf" target="_blank" title="Worksheets"><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/exercise-1.png"> <img alt="" height="16" src="../../../img/tib-icons/standard-level-24-1.png" title="" width="16"> <img alt="" height="16" src="../../../img/tib-icons/higher-level-24-1.png" title="" width="16"> Boiling points of mixtures</a></p></section></article><section id="media-extras"><div class="page-actions no-print navbar inline hidden-desktop"><div class="navbar-inner"><ul class="nav"><li><a class="presentation" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-desktop"></i></a></li><li><a class="print-section-blog" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li><li><a class="page-bookmarker" data-ticket="IB Docs (2) Team" data-pid="17162" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star"></i></a></li><li><a class="personal-notes" href="#" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i></a></li><li><a class="" data-toggle="modal" href="#modal-feedback" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a></li><li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="#"><i class="fa fa-share-alt"></i></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=%22Boiling+points+of+mixtures%22+-+via+%40InThinker+%23chemistry%0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17162%2Fboiling-points-of-mixtures"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square"></i><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li><a class="" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17162%2Fboiling-points-of-mixtures&t=Boiling+points+of+mixtures"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17162%2Fboiling-points-of-mixtures"><i class="fa fa-linkedin-square"></i><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkib.net%2Fchemistry%2Fpage%2F17162%2Fboiling-points-of-mixtures"><i class="fa fa-google-plus-square"></i><span>Google +</span></a></li><li><a class="" href="mailto:?subject=Boiling points of mixtures&body=This is an excellent practical and well worth doing. 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